University Student Health Survey 2012

The national survey focused on the health and health-related behaviour of university and university of applied science (polytechnic) students in Finland. Questions covered physical, mental, dental and sexual health, health-related behaviour, cultural and social meanings of physical activities, social interaction, learning disabilities, study environment, bullying, stalking and violence, the use of and satisfaction with student health services. Another aim was to provide information about immigrant students. General state of health was charted with a number of questions relating to long-term illnesses, disabilities or disorders. Some questions covered the respondents' weight and height, and attitude to food. Psychological or social symptoms causing problems were investigated. Psychosocial health was further studied using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Use of and satisfaction with health services was studied with questions relating to health professionals visited during the past year and in which service organisation, satisfaction with the Finnish Student Health Service (FSHS), reasons for using other than FSHS health services, and what type of guidance they would like in certain issues (e.g. stress or weight management, study skills, alcohol use, smoking cessation). Engagement in sporting activities and less vigorous physical activities, and use of performance enhancing substances (doping) were surveyed. Eating habits were investigated with a number of questions based on the Index of Diet Quality (IDQ), for instance, asking where the respondents ate their main meals and the consumption of dairy products, bread, fruit, vegetables, etc. The respondents were also asked how often they brushed or flossed their teeth and used toothpaste or xylitol products, and whether they had problems with teeth grinding, had bite guard, or experienced facial pain or jaw locking. Health-related behaviour was further studied by asking the respondents about their smoking habits, and the use of drugs and alcohol (amount, frequency). Drinking habits were charted by using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Some questions covered gambling and possible problems caused by it. One theme pertained to the respondents' studies. They were asked about previous qualifications, how many years they had been enrolled as 'present' for current studies, credits earned, study success, confidence of having chosen the right field of study, hours spent on study, and hours spent on paid work during the study year. The sufficiency of study guidance and advice provided by the institution were investigated as well as positive and negative feelings (e.g. enthuasiasm, burnout) related to their studies and types of learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia) experienced. The respondents were also asked to evaluate their financial situation. The survey also studied interpersonal relationships. The respondents were asked about their household composition and living arrangements, marital status and partnerships, number of children, intention to have (more) children, spending time with friends, whether they felt lonely or part of a group, and whether they had someone close to them with whom they could discuss their affairs. Learning difficulties were further investigated with questions on diagnosed learning disabilities, who had done the diagnosis and when, and support received from the institution. Internet use and problems caused by it were examined. Some questions charted whether the respondents had been subjected to bullying at school, how often and to what kind of bullying, whether they had been subjected to bullying or discrimination during their university studies or had themselves bullied or discriminated against others, and whether they had bullied their siblings or been bullied by them. The respondents were asked whether they had been subjected to stalking or violence, how often and by whom, and whether they themselves had engaged in stalking or violent behaviour, how often and whom they had targeted. Sexual health questions covered the use of contraception, lack of sexual partner or sexual activity, level of sexual desire, satisfaction with and experiences during intercourse based on FSFI-6 Index, satisfaction with own sex life in general, age when had first sexual intercourse, and sexual pain or other vulvodynia problems. The final theme pertained to the role of physical exercise and sports in the respondents' lives. First, a number of statements charted personality traits, interest areas and consumer habits. The importance of certain things in the respondents' lives (e.g. study, work, hobbies, nature, religion), time spent on particular activities (e.g. sporting activities, arts, being with friends, shopping), hobbies of particular interest, and physical, social, mental and general well-being were investigated. The respondents were also asked how important a number of aspects (e.g. learning new skills, improving self-confidence, stress release) were to them in physical activities/sports, and whether parents, siblings, friends, the media or experiences from school etc. had increased or decreased their interest in sports. The extent to which a number of factors prevented their sporting activities (e.g. disabilities, lack of time, information, skills or support), and money spent on sports clothing, equipment, services or events were charted. Background variables included the respondent's age, gender, country of birth, language used in childhood home, length of time residing in Finland, name of the university, field of study, economic activity and occupational status of the parents at the time when R was 15 years old, and R's evaluation whether his or her own field/work had higher or lower status than those of the parents.

本全国性调查聚焦芬兰综合大学与应用科学大学（polytechnic）学生的健康状况及健康相关行为。调研问题涵盖生理健康、心理健康、牙科健康与性健康，健康相关行为，体育活动的文化与社会意义，社会互动，学习障碍，学习环境，欺凌、跟踪骚扰与暴力行为，学生健康服务的使用情况与满意度。另一调研目标是提供移民学生的相关信息。

总体健康状况通过一系列与慢性病、残疾或障碍相关的问题进行评估。部分问题涉及受访者的身高、体重与饮食态度。调研了引发困扰的心理或社会症状，并采用一般健康问卷（General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12）进一步评估社会心理健康。

健康服务的使用与满意度调研围绕以下内容展开：过去一年受访者就诊的医护人员与服务机构、对芬兰学生健康服务（Finnish Student Health Service, FSHS）的满意度、选择非FSHS健康服务的原因，以及受访者在特定议题上所需的指导类型（如压力管理、体重管理、学习技能、饮酒行为、戒烟）。

调研了体育活动与低强度体力活动的参与情况，以及增强体能物质（doping）的使用情况。

饮食习惯调研采用基于饮食质量指数（Index of Diet Quality, IDQ）的一系列问题，例如询问受访者正餐的就餐地点，以及乳制品、面包、果蔬等食物的摄入频率。

此外还询问了受访者刷牙、使用牙线、牙膏或木糖醇产品的频率，是否存在磨牙问题、是否使用咬合垫，以及是否经历面部疼痛或下颌卡顿等牙科健康相关问题。

健康相关行为调研还包括受访者的吸烟习惯，以及药物与酒精的使用情况（摄入量、频率）。采用酒精使用障碍识别测试（Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT）评估饮酒习惯。部分问题涉及赌博行为及由此引发的潜在问题。

有一类调研主题围绕受访者的学业情况展开：询问其既往学历、当前在读学制时长、已获得的学分、学业表现、对所选专业的信心、学年内的学习时长与有偿工作时长。调研了院校提供的学业指导与建议的充足性，以及与学业相关的正负情绪（如热情、职业倦怠），还有受访者经历的学习困难类型（如诵读困难（dyslexia））。

此外还要求受访者对自身经济状况进行评估。

本次调查还考察了人际关系：询问受访者的家庭构成与居住安排、婚姻状况与伴侣关系、子女数量、生育（更多子女）的意愿、与朋友相处的时间、是否感到孤独或属于某个群体，以及是否有可倾诉心事的亲密对象。

学习障碍方面进一步调研了确诊学习障碍的情况、诊断主体与时间，以及院校提供的支持。

调研了互联网使用情况及由此引发的相关问题。部分问题考察了受访者在校期间的欺凌经历，包括欺凌的频率与类型；大学学习期间遭受欺凌或歧视、自身实施欺凌或歧视行为的情况；以及兄弟姐妹间的欺凌情况。

询问了受访者遭受跟踪骚扰或暴力的情况，包括频率与施害者身份，以及自身实施跟踪骚扰或暴力行为的情况，包括频率与目标对象。

性健康相关问题涵盖避孕措施的使用、无伴侣或无性行为的情况、性欲水平、基于女性性功能指数简表（FSFI-6 Index）的性交满意度与体验、总体性生活满意度、首次性行为的年龄，以及性交疼痛或外阴痛等问题。

最后一类主题围绕体育锻炼与运动在受访者生活中的角色展开：首先通过若干陈述评估受访者的人格特质、兴趣领域与消费习惯；调研了生活中各类事物的重要性（如学习、工作、爱好、自然、宗教）、参与特定活动的时长（如体育活动、艺术创作、与朋友相处、购物）、特定爱好，以及生理、社会、心理与总体幸福感。此外还询问了受访者在体育活动中重视的若干方面（如学习新技能、提升自信、缓解压力），以及父母、兄弟姐妹、朋友、媒体或校园经历等因素对其运动兴趣的影响；调研了阻碍体育活动的各类因素（如残疾、缺乏时间、信息、技能或支持），以及在运动服饰、装备、服务或赛事上的花费情况。

背景变量包括受访者的年龄、性别、出生国家、童年家庭使用的语言、在芬兰的居住时长、就读大学名称、所学专业、父母在受访者15岁时的经济活动与职业状况，以及受访者对自身职业/工作社会地位相较于父母的高低评估。