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OpenLandMap-soildb: soil type probability - suborder: Ustepts

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Sub-dataset: soil type probability - suborder: Ustepts Description Global annual maps of soil properties for 2000—2022 produced within the scope of the Land & Carbon Lab, integrating Digital surface/terrain model, vegetation/tillage indices, climatic/bioclimatic variables, and based on tree-based spatiotemporal Machine Learning. While the primary focus is on improving monitoring in global soil properties, the dataset provides wall-to-wall coverage across all terrestrial ecosystems and is organized into 300+ global mosaics in COG (Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF) format. Data are presented at 5-year intervals, across 3 standard depth intervals (0–30 cm, 30–60 cm, 60–100 cm), and cover 79 USDA soil taxonomy suborders. Original layers use the WGS84 Coordinate System (EPSG:4326) at a pixel resolution of 0.00025 degrees, and 0.00075 degrees with uncertainty (STAC and GEE). Layers archived on Zenodo are at 0.00075 degrees with uncertainty but include only the initial and final periods (2000–2005 & 2020–2022), including: Soil Organic Carbon Content (g/kg) As a key indicator of soil fertility, structure, and microbial activity, it represents the concentration of organic carbon in the fine earth fraction of the soil. Standard method of measurement is dry combustion using elemental analyzers (e.g., ISO 10694). Soil Organic Carbon Density (kg/m³) Represents the mass of organic carbon per unit volume of soil. It is derived as: SOC content × bulk density × (1 − coarse fragment volume fraction). This value is critical for estimating total carbon stocks and monitoring soil carbon changes over time. Soil pH Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil, affecting nutrient availability and microbial processes. Reported as pH measured in water solution (pH in H₂O). Bulk Density (g/cm³) Refers to the mass of dry fine earth (<2 mm) per unit volume, excluding coarse fragments. It reflects soil compaction and porosity, influencing water retention and root penetration. Commonly determined using the core method or calculated from pedotransfer functions. Soil Texture Fraction Defines the relative proportions of mineral particles by size. Texture influences water movement, nutrient holding capacity, and plant growth. Clay content (%): Proportion of particles <0.002 mm in diameter. Sand content (%): Proportion of particles between 0.05–2.0 mm (some definitions use 0.063 mm as lower threshold). Silt content (%): Particles sized between 0.002–0.05 mm or up to 0.063 mm depending on classification system. Textural fractions follow USDA or FAO particle size classifications. Soil Type Probability Probabilistic classification of soils based on USDA Soil Taxonomy at the subgroup level. Each pixel is assigned a probability distribution across potential soil types, based on legacy point data and environmental covariates. 30m layers can be accessed through STAC and Google Earth Engine GEE) through: OpenLandMap STAC https://stac.openlandmap.org Google Earth Engine https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/global-pasture-watch/assets/gsm-30m All modeling framework is publicly available at OpenLandMap GitHub - soildb Data Detail Time period: 2000-2022, in 5-year intervals (last period covers 2020–2022) for soil properties ; 2000-2022 static for soil type Type of data: Spatiotemporal soil data base, with depth ranges and weighted percentage data for soil assessments and static soil type classification. How the data was collected or derived: The data was derived using machine learning models. Statistical methods used: Tree-based spatiotemporal machine learning Depth reference: b30cm..60cm = below ground at 30-60cm interval Limitations or exclusions in the data: no Antarctica; masking out permanent ice and deserts Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326 Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax): (-180, -56, 180, 76) Spatial resolution: 0.00075 degree (~120m) Image size: 360,000P, 132,000L File format: Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format Dataset Contents This dataset includes: soil type probability - suborder: Ustepts Related Identifiers SOC density: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , SOC content: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 - part 1 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 - part 2 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 - part 1 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 - part 2 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Bulk density: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil ph of water: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil textures fraction: clay below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , clay below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , clay below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil type (Suborder): Uderts , Calcids , Xerands , Orthents , Cryands , Ustalfs , Cryalfs , Aquepts , Udalfs , Cryolls , Durids , Usterts , Boralfs , Orthids , Udands , Torrerts , Histels , Rendolls , Aqualfs , Udepts , Xeralfs , Gelepts , Xerults , Fibrists , Ustepts , Xererts , Ustults , Aquands , Perox , Xerolls , Tropepts , Turbels , Udults , Aquents , Aquerts , Ustox , Aquods , Aquolls , Xerepts , Udox , Cryods , Ustolls , Aquults , Psamments , Arents , Fluvents , Humults , Vitrands , Udolls , Borolls , Orthels , Hemists , Wassents , Albolls , Salids , Cryepts , Saprists , Folists , Gypsids , Ochrepts , Cambids , Argids , Orthods , Data Details Time period: 2000-2022 Type of data: soil type probability - suborder: Ustepts How the data was collected or derived: Machine learning models. Statistical Methods used: Random Forest. Limitations or exclusions in the data: The dataset does not include Antarctica. Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326 Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax): (-180, -56, 180, 76) Spatial resolution: 120m Image size: 360,000P x 132,000L File format: Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format. Layer information: File Name Unit Scale Data Type No Data Description oc_iso.10694.1995.mg.cm3 kg/m³ 10 UInt16 32767 Organic carbon density derived by multiply fine earth bulk density and organic carbon content oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml g/kg 10 UInt16 32767 Organic carbon content based on dry combustion weight percent ph.h2o_iso.10390.2021.index - 10 Byte 255 The pH, 1:1 soil-water suspension is the pH of a sample measured in distilled water at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio bd.core_iso.11272.2017.g.cm3 g/cm³ 100 UInt16 32767 Bulk density, <2mm fraction, dry is the weight per unit volume of the <2 mm fraction, with volume measured in laboratory sand.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total laboratory-estimated sand 0.063 to 2.0 mm particle diameter silt.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total laboratory-estimated silt 0.002 to 0.063 mm particle size clay.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total clay is the soil separate with <0.002 mm particle diameter soil.types_ensemble % 1 Byte 255 Probability of soil type occurrence Support If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please raise a GitHub issue here Naming convention To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Ai4SoilHealth and Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describe important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. For example, for oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml_m_30m_b30cm..60cm_20000101_20051231_g_epsg.4326_v20250204.tif, the fields are: generic variable name: oc = organic carbon variable procedure combination: iso.10694.1995.wpml = organic carbon content based on dry combustion weight per mille Position in the probability distribution/variable type: m = mean Spatial support: 30m Depth reference: b30cm..60cm = below ground at 30-60cm interval Time reference begin time: 20000101 = 2000-01-01 Time reference end time: 20051231 = 2005-12-31 Bounding box: g = global EPSG code: EPSG:4326 Version code: v20250204 = version from 2025-02-04 Acknowledgement This project is funded by European Commission through Open-Earth-Monitor project and by World Resources Institute through Land & Carbon Lab

子数据集:土壤类型概率-亚纲:Ustepts ### 数据集概述 本数据集由陆地与碳实验室(Land & Carbon Lab)牵头制作,涵盖2000至2022年全球土壤属性年度图谱,整合了数字地表/地形模型、植被/耕作指数、气候/生物气候变量,基于树结构时空机器学习方法构建。 尽管本数据集核心目标为优化全球土壤属性监测能力,但其实现了所有陆地生态系统的全域覆盖,并以云优化GeoTIFF(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式封装为300余幅全球镶嵌图。 数据以5年为时间间隔发布,涵盖3个标准土层深度(0–30厘米、30–60厘米、60–100厘米),覆盖美国农业部(USDA)土壤分类系统下的79个土壤亚纲。 原始图层采用WGS84坐标系(EPSG:4326),像素分辨率为0.00025度;针对空间时间分析目录(SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog, STAC)与谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine, GEE)的发布版本分辨率为0.00075度,并附带不确定性信息。 存档于Zenodo的版本分辨率同样为0.00075度且附带不确定性信息,但仅包含初始与最终两个时段(2000–2005年与2020–2022年),具体包含以下图层: #### 土壤有机碳含量(g/kg) 作为土壤肥力、结构与微生物活性的关键指标,该指标代表土壤细土组分中有机碳的浓度。其标准测量方法为采用元素分析仪进行干烧法(如ISO 10694标准)。 #### 土壤有机碳密度(kg/m³) 代表单位体积土壤中的有机碳质量,计算公式为:有机碳含量 × 容重 × (1 − 粗碎屑体积占比)。该指标对于估算总碳储量与长期监测土壤碳变化至关重要。 #### 土壤pH值 反映土壤的酸碱性,会影响养分有效性与微生物过程。本数据集采用水溶液中测得的pH值(即pH(H₂O))。 #### 土壤容重(g/cm³) 指单位体积干细土(粒径<2毫米)的质量,不包含粗碎屑组分。该指标可反映土壤压实程度与孔隙度,进而影响土壤持水性与根系穿透能力。通常采用环刀法测定,或通过土壤传递函数计算得到。 #### 土壤颗粒机械组成 指不同粒径矿物颗粒的相对占比,其会影响水分运移、养分保持能力与植物生长。 - 黏粒含量(%):粒径<0.002毫米的颗粒占比 - 砂粒含量(%):粒径介于0.05–2.0毫米的颗粒占比(部分分类标准以0.063毫米作为下限阈值) - 粉粒含量(%):粒径介于0.002–0.05毫米的颗粒占比,部分分类系统中上限可至0.063毫米 颗粒机械组成遵循美国农业部(USDA)或联合国粮农组织(FAO)的粒径分类标准。 #### 土壤类型概率 基于美国农业部(USDA)土壤分类系统的亚群级别土壤概率分类。每个像素会基于历史点位数据与环境协变量,获得潜在土壤类型的概率分布。 ### 数据获取渠道 30米分辨率图层可通过以下渠道获取: - 开放陆地图谱空间时间分析目录(OpenLandMap STAC):https://stac.openlandmap.org - 谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine, GEE):https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/global-pasture-watch/assets/gsm-30m 所有建模框架均可在OpenLandMap的GitHub仓库soildb中公开获取。 ### 数据详情 - 时间跨度:土壤属性数据为2000–2022年,以5年为间隔发布(最后一个时段涵盖2020–2022年);土壤类型数据为2000–2022年静态数据 - 数据类型:时空土壤数据库,包含土层深度信息与土壤评估用加权百分比数据,以及静态土壤类型分类数据 - 数据获取与衍生方式:采用机器学习模型衍生得到 - 所用统计方法:树结构时空机器学习 - 土层深度参考:b30cm..60cm 指地下30–60厘米深度区间 - 数据局限性与排除区域:未包含南极洲,且已掩膜永久冰川与沙漠区域 - 坐标系:EPSG:4326 - 边界框(Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):(-180, -56, 180, 76) - 空间分辨率:0.00075度(约120米) - 图像尺寸:360,000像素 × 132,000行 - 文件格式:云优化GeoTIFF(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式 ### 数据集内容 本数据集包含: - 土壤类型概率-亚纲:Ustepts ### 关联标识符 #### 有机碳密度: - 地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 #### 有机碳含量: - 地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年(分卷1、卷2) - 地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年(分卷1、卷2) - 地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 #### 容重: - 地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 #### 水溶液pH值: - 地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 #### 土壤颗粒机械组成: - 黏粒:地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 黏粒:地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 黏粒:地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下0–30厘米,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下0–30厘米,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下30–60厘米,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下30–60厘米,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下60–100厘米,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下60–100厘米,2020–2022年 #### 土壤类型(亚纲): Uderts、Calcids、Xerands、Orthents、Cryands、Ustalfs、Cryalfs、Aquepts、Udalfs、Cryolls、Durids、Usterts、Boralfs、Orthids、Udands、Torrerts、Histels、Rendolls、Aqualfs、Udepts、Xeralfs、Gelepts、Xerults、Fibrists、Ustepts、Xererts、Ustults、Aquands、Perox、Xerolls、Tropepts、Turbels、Udults、Aquents、Aquerts、Ustox、Aquods、Aquolls、Xerepts、Udox、Cryods、Ustolls、Aquults、Psamments、Arents、Fluvents、Humults、Vitrands、Udolls、Borolls、Orthels、Hemists、Wassents、Albolls、Salids、Cryepts、Saprists、Folists、Gypsids、Ochrepts、Cambids、Argids、Orthods ### 补充数据详情 - 时间跨度:2000–2022年 - 数据类型:土壤类型概率-亚纲:Ustepts - 数据获取与衍生方式:采用机器学习模型 - 所用统计方法:随机森林(Random Forest) - 数据局限性与排除区域:未包含南极洲 - 坐标系:EPSG:4326 - 边界框(Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):(-180, -56, 180, 76) - 空间分辨率:120米 - 图像尺寸:360,000像素 × 132,000行 - 文件格式:云优化GeoTIFF(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式 #### 图层信息 | 文件名 | 单位 | 缩放系数 | 数据类型 | 无数据值 | 描述 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | oc_iso.10694.1995.mg.cm3 | kg/m³ | 10 | UInt16 | 32767 | 有机碳密度:通过细土容重与有机碳含量相乘得到 | | oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml | g/kg | 10 | UInt16 | 32767 | 有机碳含量:基于干烧法重量百分比 | | ph.h2o_iso.10390.2021.index | - | 10 | Byte | 255 | 土壤pH值:采用1:1土水悬浮液(土水比1:1)在蒸馏水中测得的pH值 | | bd.core_iso.11272.2017.g.cm3 | g/cm³ | 100 | UInt16 | 32767 | 容重:<2毫米组分干重与单位体积的比值,体积通过实验室测定 | | sand.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总砂粒含量:实验室估算的粒径0.063–2.0毫米颗粒占比 | | silt.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总粉粒含量:实验室估算的粒径0.002–0.063毫米颗粒占比 | | clay.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总黏粒含量:粒径<0.002毫米的土壤颗粒占比 | | soil.types_ensemble | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 土壤类型出现概率 | ### 技术支持 若您发现数据存在错误、异常或不一致问题,或有相关疑问,请在此提交GitHub Issue。 ### 命名规范 为确保项目内外数据使用的一致性与便捷性,本数据集遵循Ai4SoilHealth与Open-Earth-Monitor标准命名规范。该规范通过10个字段描述数据的核心属性,使用户可无需打开文件即可实现文件检索、数据分析准备等操作。 例如文件名`oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml_m_30m_b30cm..60cm_20000101_20051231_g_epsg.4326_v20250204.tif`的各字段含义如下: - 通用变量名:`oc` = 有机碳 - 变量与处理组合:`iso.10694.1995.wpml` = 基于干烧法的有机碳含量(重量千分比) - 概率分布位置/变量类型:`m` = 均值 - 空间分辨率:`30m` = 30米 - 土层深度参考:`b30cm..60cm` = 地下30–60厘米深度区间 - 时间起始:`20000101` = 2000-01-01 - 时间结束:`20051231` = 2005-12-31 - 空间范围:`g` = 全球范围 - EPSG代码:`EPSG:4326` - 版本号:`v20250204` = 2025年2月4日发布的版本 ### 致谢 本项目由欧盟委员会通过Open-Earth-Monitor项目,以及世界资源研究所通过陆地与碳实验室(Land & Carbon Lab)资助。

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2025-05-30
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