Definitions of variables.

The prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women in Mongolia were compared using secondary data from the STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in 2019. In total, 5,695 participants (2,577 males and 3,118 females) aged 18–69 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 37.4% in total and the prevalence was significantly higher in women (39.2%) than men (35.2%, P = 0.002). The most prevalent MetS components were abdominal obesity in women (74.2%) and high blood glucose levels in men (58.7%). All of the 2,128 participants who were categorized into MetS met the criteria of abdominal obesity. Factors associated with MetS included being 30–69 years old compared to 18–29 years old, low and moderate physical activity levels compared to high levels, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and a high body mass index (overweight and obesity) compared to a normal body mass index in both sexes. Additional factors included Buryat ethnicity compared to Khalkh ethnicity, living in Ulaanbaatar, no education compared to primary education, higher monthly income, and currently drinking in men; and smoking and sufficient fruit and vegetable intake in women. Significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of the prevalence of MetS, components of MetS, and factors associated with MetS. To reduce MetS prevalence in Mongolia, sex-specific programs should be designed to promote health behavior, such as reducing alcohol consumption in men and smoking in women.本研究利用2019年非传染性疾病危险因素监测阶梯式方法（STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance）的二手数据，对比分析了蒙古国男性与女性代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome，MetS）的患病率及其相关影响因素。本研究共纳入5695名年龄介于18至69岁的研究对象，其中男性2577名，女性3118名。总体代谢综合征患病率为37.4%，女性患病率（39.2%）显著高于男性（35.2%，P=0.002）。代谢综合征最常见的组分分别为女性的腹型肥胖（74.2%）与男性的高血糖水平（58.7%）。所有被归类为代谢综合征的2128名研究对象均符合腹型肥胖的判定标准。与代谢综合征相关的影响因素包括：相较于18-29岁年龄段，30-69岁年龄段人群的患病风险更高；相较于高水平体力活动者，低水平与中等水平体力活动者的患病风险更高；伴有高血压与糖尿病病史者；以及两性中体重指数（body mass index，BMI）偏高（超重与肥胖）相较于体重指数正常者的患病风险更高。额外的影响因素还包括：相较于喀尔喀族，布里亚特族人群的患病风险更高；居住于乌兰巴托；未接受教育相较于接受小学教育者；月收入较高；对于男性而言，当前仍有饮酒行为属于相关影响因素；而对于女性而言，吸烟与充足的果蔬摄入量则为相关影响因素。研究观察到，男性与女性在代谢综合征患病率、代谢综合征组分以及相关影响因素方面均存在显著差异。为降低蒙古国代谢综合征的患病率，应制定性别特异性健康促进方案，例如减少男性饮酒量、控制女性吸烟行为。