Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed

ABSTRACT: Dry land plants owing to their capability to grow under stressful environment have shown higher allelopathic potential as compared to cultivated plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts of four dry land plants viz. fruit and vine of Citrullus colocynthis, and above ground parts of Rhazya stricta; Crotalaria burhia and Calligonum polygonoides, with four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of initially prepared extracts against Lathyrus aphaca, a common weed of wheat in the studied region. These plants were collected from dry land area (30.03° N and 70.38° E, 129 m above sea level, almost desert conditions) of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. All the four plants exhibited pronounced herbicidal potential with 9 to 91% suppression of different parameters in L. aphaca). Maximum inhibition was recorded in germination (36-91%). Significant suppression in leaf count (9-65%), shoot length (12-59%), root length (4-62%), shoot fresh weight (17-71%), root fresh weight (10-60%), shoot dry weight (15-72%), root dry weight (13-64%), and nodule numbers (34-89%) was also observed. The highest inhibition was exhibited by R. stricta followed by C. colocynthis: fruit. However, in case of nodulation maximum suppression was produced by C. burhia extract. Least suppressant activity was observed for the C. polygonides extract. These results encourage the potential use of locally available dry land plants possessing strong allelochemical properties for nonchemical control of weeds ultimately reducing reliance on chemical control.摘要：与栽培植物相比，能够在胁迫环境中生长的旱地植物展现出更高的化感潜力(allelopathic potential)。本实验旨在探究四种旱地植物水提物的除草潜力(herbicidal potential)，供试植物包括：药西瓜(Citrullus colocynthis)的果实与藤蔓、硬枝紫草(Rhazya stricta)的地上部分、野百合(Crotalaria burhia)以及沙拐枣(Calligonum polygonoides)；实验设置初始制备的提取物的4种浓度梯度（25%、50%、75%、100%），以针对研究区域内的小麦常见杂草香豌豆(Lathyrus aphaca)开展测试。供试植物采集自巴基斯坦旁遮普省德拉加齐汗的旱地区域（北纬30.03°、东经70.38°，海拔129米，近乎荒漠环境）。四种供试植物均表现出显著的除草潜力，对香豌豆的多项指标抑制率达9%~91%。其中对发芽率的抑制效果最强，抑制率为36%~91%。同时，供试植物对香豌豆的叶片数（9%~65%）、株高（12%~59%）、根长（4%~62%）、地上部鲜重（17%~71%）、根部鲜重（10%~60%）、地上部干重（15%~72%）、根部干重（13%~64%）以及根瘤数（34%~89%）均产生了显著抑制作用。硬枝紫草(Rhazya stricta)的抑制效果最佳，其次为药西瓜(Citrullus colocynthis)的果实提取物。但在结瘤作用的抑制方面，野百合(Crotalaria burhia)提取物的效果最强。沙拐枣(Calligonum polygonoides)提取物的抑制活性最弱。本研究结果表明，可利用本地具备强效化感物质特性的旱地植物，通过非化学方式防控杂草，最终降低对化学除草的依赖。