The influence of sowing dates on the oil content and fatty acid composition of standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic types of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract This study aimed to determine the oil ratios and fatty acid compositions of sunflowers grown in the warm climate of the Çukurova region at different sowing dates. It was found that the crude fat ratios of standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic sunflower types were 42.57%, 39.35% and 39.07%, respectively. Crude oil ratios of high-oleic and mid-oleic sunflower types were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at SD4 (sowing date 4, May 30th). The oleic acid contents in standard, mid-oleic and high-oleic sunflower types were found to be 60.08%, 74.35% and 88.1%, respectively. The oleic acid ratios of standard sunflower types were determined to be significantly lower at SD1 (April 15th) (p<0.05). The results show that it is more appropriate to sow the sunflowers between SD1 and SD2 (15 April to 30 April) in terms of producing the required oil and oleic acid contents. Also, both oil ratios and fatty acid compositions can change according to the sowing dates.

摘要 本研究旨在明确丘库罗瓦（Çukurova）地区温暖气候下不同播期（Sowing Date，SD）种植的向日葵的含油率与脂肪酸组成。经测定，普通型、中油酸型及高油酸型向日葵的粗脂肪含量依次为42.57%、39.35%与39.07%。在第4播期（SD4，5月30日），高油酸型与中油酸型向日葵的粗油含量差异具有统计学意义地降低（p<0.05）。普通型、中油酸型及高油酸型向日葵的油酸含量分别为60.08%、74.35%及88.1%；普通型向日葵的油酸占比在第1播期（SD1，4月15日）时差异具有统计学意义地降低（p<0.05）。研究结果表明，若需获得符合要求的含油量与油酸含量，在该区域种植向日葵的适宜播期为SD1至SD2（4月15日至4月30日）。此外，向日葵的含油率与脂肪酸组成均会随播期发生变化。