Checklist of Amazonian gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetidae, Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota)

ABSTRACT The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, with high biodiversity of organisms. Despite the increasing knowledge about fungal diversity in the last few years, many fungal taxa, including gasteroid clades, are still poorly known. Gasteroid fungi are recognized by the maturation of basidiospores inside the basidiomata and by the passive release of spores. We conducted a detailed survey of published data on the species that occur in Amazon forests. We confirmed the occurrence of 83 species distributed in 22 genera, eight families and four orders. The most representative genera was Geastrum, followed by Cyathus, Lycoperdon and Phallus. We present an identification key for Amazonian gasteroid genera and a map of record distribution. This review is expected to contribute to identify distribution gaps for further research on gasteroid fungi and to subsidize policies for the conservation of fungi in the Amazon region.

摘要 亚马逊雨林是全球规模最大的热带雨林，拥有极高的生物多样性。尽管近年来学界对真菌多样性的认知持续深化，但包括腹菌支系在内的诸多真菌类群仍鲜为人知。腹菌（gasteroid fungi）的典型特征为担孢子（basidiospores）在担子果（basidiomata）内成熟，并通过被动方式释放孢子。本研究针对分布于亚马逊森林的真菌物种已发表数据开展详尽调研，经确认，该区域共分布有83种真菌，隶属于22属、8科及4目。其中最具代表性的属为地星属（Geastrum），其次为鸟巢菌属（Cyathus）、马勃属（Lycoperdon）与鬼笔属（Phallus）。本研究提供了亚马逊腹菌属的分类检索表以及物种记录分布地图。本综述有望为明确腹菌真菌后续研究的分布空白提供支撑，并为亚马逊区域的真菌保护政策制定提供科学依据。