Inventaire des moustiques (Diptera : Culicidae) des îles du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien, Madagascar excepté — Une revue critique

Inventory of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the islands of southwestern Indian Ocean, Madagascar excluded – A Critical Review. The biodiversity of mosquitoes in the islands of southwestern Indian Ocean is the concern of numerous publications. Here, we propose a synthetic inventory and the analysis of the mosquito diversity, based on the available literature. A comprehensive annotated checklist of mosquito species has been recently published on Madagascar; this is the reason why this land is excluded from our work. Studied area encompasses 28 tropical islands in the southern hemisphere: 4 islands in the Comoros archipelago, 5 Scattered Islands (îles Éparses), 5 in Mascarene, 11 in the Seychelles and 3 in the Chagos archipelago. In total, the mosquito list presents 73 valid species, of which 10 are Anophelinae and 63 Culicinae. The number of species that are distributed in these islands only is 19, i.e. 26%, which is a remarkable level for endemism. The richness in mosquito species in these islands is analysed through several aspects including geography, local speciation and natural or human dissemination. This updated inventory increases by 33% the number of known species by regard to the previous inventory published by Julvez & Mouchet in 1994. The historical responsibility of humans in the introduction of new mosquito species in these islands is strongly documented. For instance, the species with the highest distribution among islands are Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The islands belong to the afrotropical biogeographic area and, logically, the majority (63%) of mosquito species present phylogenetic affinities with continental Africa and/or Madagascar; interestingly, the number of species present in these islands and in Madagascar but absent in continental Africa is higher than the number of species present in these islands and in continental Africa but absent in Madagascar (respectively 12 and 2 species). Thanks to valuable increase in the sampling effort, our knowledge of the culicidian fauna is increasing in these islands that constitute indisputably hotspots of biodiversity.

西南印度洋岛屿（不含马达加斯加）蚊类（双翅目：Diptera、蚊科：Culicidae）名录——批判性综述。西南印度洋岛屿的蚊类生物多样性已受到诸多学术研究的关注。本文基于现有公开文献，构建综合性蚊类名录并开展多样性分析。此前已有研究针对马达加斯加发布了详尽的注释版蚊类物种名录，故本次研究将该地区排除在外。
本研究涵盖南半球28个热带岛屿：科摩罗群岛4座、散布群岛（îles Éparses）5座、马斯克林群岛5座、塞舌尔11座以及查戈斯群岛3座。本次汇总的蚊类物种共计73个有效种，其中按蚊亚科（Anophelinae）10种，库蚊亚科（Culicinae）63种。仅分布于上述岛屿的特有物种共19种，占比26%，这一特有化水平颇为显著。
本研究从地理格局、本土物种形成以及自然与人为传播等多个维度，对上述岛屿的蚊类物种丰富度展开分析。相较于1994年Julvez与Mouchet发布的前代名录，本次更新后的名录所收录的已知物种数量提升了33%。
人类活动在上述岛屿引入新蚊类物种的历史责任已有充分文献佐证。其中，在各岛屿间分布最广的物种为埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）、白纹伊蚊（Ae. albopictus）以及致倦库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus）。
上述岛屿隶属于非洲热带生物地理区系，逻辑上，多数（63%）蚊类物种与非洲大陆及/或马达加斯加存在系统发育亲缘关系；值得注意的是，仅分布于上述岛屿与马达加斯加、而不见于非洲大陆的物种数量，高于仅分布于上述岛屿与非洲大陆、而不见于马达加斯加的物种数量（分别为12种与2种）。
得益于采样强度的显著提升，我们对上述岛屿的蚊类区系的认知正不断深化；这些岛屿无疑是生物多样性热点区域。