Template data extraction form.

Armed conflict causes pervasive harm to children, and humanitarian responses to support them face significant challenges. This review aims to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to treat, protect, and promote child public health in conflict-affected populations. A systematic review was performed, with searches of major databases and the grey literature from 1 January 2012 – 20 February 2025. Included studies provided data on child or caregiver outcomes associated with interventions to support children affected by armed conflict. Studies on nutrition and perinatal interventions were excluded. Data were extracted on the setting, population, intervention design, study type, and findings. The searches yielded 3,601 records. 51 intervention studies met inclusion criteria, 39% of which were trials. Studies were mainly from Africa (51%), the Middle East (25%) and Asia (18%). The majority of studies focused on mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) (N = 29, 57%). MHPSS, child protection, and/or parenting interventions were the focus of trials as well as intersectoral interventions. Somatic child health interventions (N = 19, 37%) focused on immunisation, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, toxic stress, and telemedicine services. Five studies measured development outcomes and one intervention targeted children with disabilities. Over half of the studies were carried out amongst displaced populations. Intervention design varied widely within and between sectors. Studies showed promising results, particularly for non-specialist MHPSS interventions. Only 20% of studies assessed intervention safety. The evidence for child public health interventions to support conflict-affected populations is increasing, with increased numbers of studies over time, and improved study design, execution, and reporting. However, the evidence remains poor, limited to a few topic areas and with continued geographical disparities. There are notable gaps in evidence on the safety of interventions, their medium- and long-term impacts, sustainability, and interventions for child development and children living with disabilities.武装冲突对儿童造成广泛且深重的伤害，而旨在帮扶受影响儿童的人道主义应对工作亦面临诸多严峻挑战。本系统综述（systematic review）旨在总结针对受武装冲突影响人群中儿童的治疗、保护及儿童公共健康促进类干预措施的有效性相关证据。本次研究采用系统综述方法，检索了2012年1月1日至2025年2月20日期间的主要数据库及灰色文献。纳入的研究需提供与帮扶受武装冲突影响儿童的干预措施相关的儿童或照护者结局数据；本综述排除了涉及营养及围产期干预的研究。研究人员提取了关于研究场景、研究人群、干预方案设计、研究类型及研究结果的数据。本次检索共获取3601条文献记录，最终有51项干预类研究符合纳入标准，其中39%为干预试验。纳入研究主要来自非洲（51%）、中东（25%）及亚洲（18%）。多数研究聚焦于心理健康与心理社会支持（mental health and psychosocial support, MHPSS），共计29项，占比57%。干预试验及跨部门干预的研究主题均涵盖MHPSS、儿童保护及/或养育照护干预。躯体儿童健康干预类研究共计19项，占比37%，其研究主题涵盖免疫接种、青少年性与生殖健康、毒性应激及远程医疗服务。另有5项研究评估了发育结局，1项干预措施针对残疾儿童。超过半数的研究在流离失所人群中开展。不同领域及同一领域内的干预方案设计差异显著。研究结果显示干预措施颇具应用前景，针对非专业人员开展的MHPSS干预效果尤为显著。仅有20%的研究对干预措施的安全性进行了评估。针对受武装冲突影响人群的儿童公共健康干预相关证据正逐步丰富，具体表现为随时间推移研究数量不断增加，研究设计、实施及报告质量均有所提升。但现有证据仍存在明显不足：研究主题局限于少数领域，且地域分布不均问题依然突出。当前研究在干预措施安全性、中长期影响、可持续性，以及针对儿童发育及残疾儿童的干预措施等方面的证据仍存在显著空白。