Pharmacogenetics of HIV therapy: State of the art in Latin American countries

Abstract The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a remarkable reduction in morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV worldwide. Nevertheless, interindividual variations in drug response often impose a challenge to cART effectiveness. Although personalized therapeutic regimens may help overcome incidence of adverse reactions and therapeutic failure attributed to host factors, pharmacogenetic studies are often restricted to a few populations. Latin American countries accounted for 2.1 million people living with HIV and 1.4 million undergoing cART in 2020-21. The present review describes the state of art of HIV pharmacogenetics in this region and highlights that such analyses remain to be given the required relevance. A broad analysis of pharmacogenetic markers in Latin America could not only provide a better understanding of genetic structure of these populations, but might also be crucial to develop more informative dosing algorithms, applicable to non-European populations.

摘要：联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（combined antiretroviral therapy, cART）已使全球艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）感染者的发病率与死亡率显著降低。然而，个体间的药物反应差异往往对联合抗逆转录病毒疗法的疗效构成挑战。尽管个体化治疗方案可帮助降低由宿主因素引发的不良反应发生率与治疗失败风险，但药物基因组学（pharmacogenetics）研究往往仅局限于少数人群。2020至2021年间，拉丁美洲地区的艾滋病病毒感染者达210万，接受联合抗逆转录病毒治疗者为140万。本综述阐述了该区域艾滋病病毒药物基因组学的研究现状，并强调此类分析仍未获得应有的重视与相关价值。对拉丁美洲地区的药物基因组学标志物开展全面分析，不仅可加深对该区域人群遗传结构的认知，还有助于开发更具指导意义的给药算法，以适用于非欧洲人群。