Data from: A new species of horned lizard (genus Phrynosoma) from Guerrero, México, with an updated multilocus phylogeny

We describe a new species of Phrynosoma from central northeastern Guerrero, México; perform a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data to estimate its phylogenetic relationships; and investigate the monophyly of Phrynosoma asio, P. braconnieri, and P. taurus. The new species can be distinguished from all of its congeners by the possession of a unique combination of morphological characteristics. The molecular genetic data include three fragments of the mitochondrial genome and six nuclear genes (2419 and 3909 base pairs in total, respectively) for 31 samples belonging to the 16 previously recognized species of Phrynosoma and the new species. The new species is strongly supported in maximum likelihood analyses of both the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear data as a monophyletic, distinct evolutionary lineage sister to, and moderately divergent from, P. taurus, and highly divergent from all of the other species of Phrynosoma. A Bayesian species tree analysis also strongly supports the monophyly of the Brevicauda clade, and a sister relationship between P. taurus and the new species.

本研究描述了产自墨西哥格雷罗州中东北部地区的角蜥属（Phrynosoma）一新种；通过线粒体与细胞核序列数据开展系统发育分析以推断其系统发育关系，并对Phrynosoma asio、P. braconnieri及P. taurus的单系性进行探讨。本新种可凭借一组独特的形态特征组合，与所有同属物种相区分。本次研究的分子遗传数据涵盖31份样本的3个线粒体基因组片段与6个核基因序列（总长度分别为2419与3909碱基对），这些样本来自此前已被正式确认的16种角蜥属物种以及本次发现的新种。基于合并后的线粒体与核序列数据开展的最大似然分析均强烈支持本新种为一单系且独立的进化支系：其与P. taurus互为姐妹群且分化程度中等，同时与其余所有角蜥属物种的分化程度极高。贝叶斯物种树分析同样强烈支持短尾支系（Brevicauda clade）的单系性，并证实P. taurus与本新种互为姐妹群。