International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3.0 Final, Individual Reports in the International Maritime Meteorological Archive Format version 1 (IMMA1)

This dataset, the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), is the most widely-used freely available collection of surface marine observations, with over 455 million individual marine reports spanning 1662-2014-each containing the observations and metadata reported from a given ship, buoy, coastal platform, or oceanographic instrument, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air-sea interaction and other meteorological variables. ICOADS observations are assimilated into all major atmospheric, oceanic and coupled reanalyses, further widening its impact. R3, therefore includes changes designed to enable the effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centres, data set developers, scientists, and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the ICOADS' International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. Additionally, these data are offered in NetCDF with useful metadata added in global and variable attributes of each file to make the NetCDF self-contained.

This dataset includes 2 versions of the official ICOADS Release 3 dataset: 1) the 'Total' product (denoted by 'T' in the filename) which contains all duplicates and is used for verification and research purposes; and 2) 'Final' R3, with duplicates removed, where all reports have been compared for matching dates, id's and elements observed and the best duplicate retained as the final report.

本数据集为国际综合海洋-大气数据集（International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, ICOADS），是目前应用最广泛的免费公开海洋表面观测数据集，涵盖1662年至2014年的超4.55亿条独立海洋观测报告——每条报告均包含来自特定船舶、浮标、海岸平台或海洋观测仪器的观测数据与元数据，可为海表面温度网格化分析、海气相互作用估算及其他气象变量研究提供数据支撑。

ICOADS的观测数据已被纳入所有主流大气、海洋及耦合再分析数据集，进一步扩大了其影响力。因此R3版本做出了多项优化，以实现ICOADS、再分析中心、数据集开发者、科研人员与社会公众之间关于数据质量描述信息的高效互通。这些以用户需求为导向的创新包括：为每条海洋观测报告分配唯一标识符（UID），以实现观测数据溯源、报告关联及更高效的数据共享。

ICOADS国际海洋气象档案（International Maritime Meteorological Archive, IMMA）通用数据格式的其他修订与扩展内容，新增了近海面海洋学数据要素与云参数相关字段。本次更新整合了大量新的输入数据源，并对现有数据源进行了更新与优化，同时移除了错误数据。此外，本次发布的数据以NetCDF格式提供，且在每个文件的全局属性与变量属性中添加了实用元数据，使NetCDF文件具备自包含性。

本数据集包含官方ICOADS第3版（Release 3, R3）的两个子版本：1）"全量"产品（文件名标识为"T"），保留所有重复观测报告，用于验证与研究工作；2）"最终版"R3，已移除重复报告：所有报告已按观测日期、标识符与观测要素进行匹配比对，保留最优的单条报告作为最终观测记录。