赤(油)松毛虫综合管理技术的研究

该项目通过试验油松在一定失叶范围内存在补偿和超补偿现象， 可以提高经济效益和社会效益。深入研究了封山育林的抗虫机制， 摸清了营造混交林、封山育林等7项营林措施和松毛虫危害对林木生理生化作用的影响 林木营养状况对松毛虫生长发育繁衍的影响。论证了提高林木自身抗性与利用天敌相结合能有效地控制虫灾， 提出了控制虫灾的营林措施。探明油松新叶， 特别是由上至下第四轮枝新叶的光合产物量最大。提出了粗脂肪是油松的主要贮存物质， 是对松毛虫发育较为敏感的指标等新论点， 对了解松毛虫种群动态和设计防治措施有实际意义。探讨了松毛虫幼虫色型与种群动态的相互关系。在生物防治方面， 确认粉拟青霉菌为异核体， 有高度杂合性与适应性， 建立了以原生质体分离选育高孢量菌种的方法， 为在低温环境下松毛虫的防治， 提供了一种有效的真菌杀虫剂。This project verified through experiments that Chinese pine exhibits compensatory and hypercompensatory growth within a certain defoliation range, which can improve economic and social benefits. It conducted in-depth research on the insect resistance mechanism of forest closure for afforestation, clarified the effects of seven silvicultural measures including mixed forest establishment and forest closure, as well as pine caterpillar damage, on the physiological and biochemical functions of trees, and the impacts of tree nutrient status on the growth, development and reproduction of pine caterpillars. It demonstrated that combining the improvement of tree self-resistance with the utilization of natural enemies can effectively control pest disasters, and proposed silvicultural measures for pine caterpillar pest control. It was found that the new needles of Chinese pine, especially those from the 4th whorl from the top, have the highest photosynthate yield. New viewpoints were put forward, including that crude fat is the main storage substance in Chinese pine and a relatively sensitive indicator for pine caterpillar development, which have practical significance for understanding the population dynamics of pine caterpillars and designing prevention and control measures. The relationship between the larval color morphs of pine caterpillars and population dynamics was also explored. In terms of biological control, it was confirmed that Paecilomyces farinosus is a heterokaryon with high heterozygosity and adaptability. A method for breeding high-spore yield strains via protoplast separation was established, providing an effective fungal insecticide for the control of pine caterpillars in low-temperature environments.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于赤（油）松毛虫的综合管理技术研究，探讨了油松失叶补偿现象、营林措施（如封山育林）对松毛虫的影响以及林木营养与虫害发育的关系。研究还涉及生物防治方法，包括利用粉拟青霉菌作为真菌杀虫剂，并对松毛虫种群动态进行了分析，为虫害防治提供了科学依据。