Neoliberalization of Public Services: the role of the BNDES in Basic Sanitation after 2000

Abstract The article analyzes the role of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) in the provision of sanitation in Brazil, in order to understand it within the scope of the neoliberalization process underway in the country since the 1990s. After analysing the rounds of neoliberalization in sanitation, the paper aims to understand the performance of the bank in credit operations, from 2002-2018, as well as its role in structuring concession and privatization projects, post-2016. The analysis of the contracts of the BNDES and its role in modeling privatization, concession and public-private partnerships projects, observing the new regulatory and institutional arrangements, allows us to understand the Bank's relationship with the federated entities in the provision of public sanitation services and the new State spaces that emerge from the neoliberalization process. The process of privatization of the sanitation sector underway in Brazil is expressed in the bank's performance, whether due to the profile of the borrowing companies - private and mixed capital companies with open capital -, or when it plays the role of think tank and structurer of models of privatizations and concessions in the basic sanitation sector in Brazil.摘要 本文旨在结合巴西自20世纪90年代以来推进的新自由主义化进程，剖析巴西国家经济社会发展银行（National Bank for Economic and Social Development，BNDES）在该国公共卫生服务供给中的角色。在梳理卫生领域多轮新自由主义化浪潮后，本文拟解析2002至2018年间该行的信贷业务运作情况，以及2016年后其在特许权授予与私有化项目构建中发挥的作用。通过分析BNDES签订的各类合同，及其在巴西基础卫生领域私有化、特许权授予与公私合作伙伴关系（public-private partnerships）项目模型构建中的作用，并结合新兴的监管与制度安排，我们得以厘清该行与联邦实体在公共卫生服务供给中的协作关系，以及新自由主义化进程催生的新型国家治理空间。巴西当前推进的卫生部门私有化进程，既体现在借贷企业的属性——即拥有公开上市资本的私营与混合所有制企业——之上，也体现在该行作为巴西基础卫生领域私有化与特许权授予模式的智库与构建者所履行的职能之中。