Genetic Differentiation of a New World Screwworm Fly Population from Uruguay Detected by SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellites in Two Consecutive Years

We standardized the two-enzyme GBS protocol for the NWS fly and used SNPs markers to investigate temporal genetic changes in a Uruguayan NWS fly population at an ecological timescale (two consecutive years, i.e., approximately 18 generations). We found that this time was enough for this population to change its genetic composition, but it was not enough to prevent free mate among individuals from on year to the next. We also found signal that some of the polymorphisms are related to the response of the population to insecticide chemical control. It is the first time this approach is implemented for this pest species and, in future, it can be used to estimate spatial barriers to geographically isolated populations.