The Ecology and Biogeography of Heard Island Marine Benthos 1987/88

Collections of 23 macroinvertebrate taxa associated with Durvillaea antarctica holdfasts and 58 invertebrate taxa associated with artificial substrata collectors are described from shallow-water and intertidal habitats at Heard Island. The fauna sampled possessed strong biogeographic affinities with the Kerguelen Island fauna and, to a slightly lesser extent, the fauna recorded at Macquarie Island. The fauna possessed negligible affinity with the Antarctic. Experiments involving the offshore tethering of Durvillaea antarctica holdfasts indicated epifaunal invertebrates rapidly abandoned detached holdfasts, but that the few species surviving after one day can probably survive long periods adrift.

The fields in this dataset are:

Taxon (species)
Distribution
Locality
Date
Control Quality: A preliminary trial indicated that whole plants attached to lines created too much drag for anchors, hence holdfasts were separated from fronds and tethered at the sea surface to anchored buoys. This process was undertaken on 20 November 1987, with four of the tethered holdfasts collected for faunal analysis the next day. Two holdfasts were lost to wave action during the study, with the remaining two holdfasts collected after 93 days afloat. Holdfasts (4 replicates) were also collected as faunal controls from the shore at the start (20 November 1987) and end of the experiment (21 February 1988).

In order to assess whether recruitment was occurring on tethered holdfasts, four replicate holdfasts were defaunated by submersion in freshwater for 10 minutes at the start of the experiment before offshore tethering (see Edgar 1992). Two of these recruitment control holdfasts were lost through wave action and two collected at the end of the experiment. On collection, all holdfasts were carefully placed into plastic bags and formalin added. Animals were later separated from holdfasts in the laboratory by pouring the washed contents of the bags through a 0.5 mm sieve after the holdfast had been broken apart, and animals retained by the sieve counted under a binocular microscope using the same methods as for artificial algal habitats.

Note from the AADC, 2018-08-02:
The original datasheet was reformatted to fit OBIS/GBFI/IPT Biodiversity.AQ standards. The new datasheet "MacrofaunaDurvillaeaHoldfast87_88.csv" provides the data of fauna associated with holdfast of Durvillaea antarctica from Heard Island, from artificial algal habitats. This new data sheet contains datasetID, occurrenceID, continentCode, island, locationID, decimal latitude, decimal longitude, event date, organismQuantity, organismQunatityType, basisOfRecord, occurrenceStatus, associatedTaxa and associatedReference. It's also provides species identification to the lowest taxonomical rank that could be determined. Species names were matched in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).

本数据集记述了赫德岛（Heard Island）浅海与潮间带生境中，与南极牛舌藻（Durvillaea antarctica）固着器相关的23个大型无脊椎动物（macroinvertebrate）类群，以及与人工基质采集器相关的58个无脊椎动物类群。所采集的动物区系与凯尔盖朗群岛（Kerguelen Island）动物区系具有极强的生物地理亲缘关系，与麦夸里岛（Macquarie Island）记录的动物区系亲缘关系稍弱，而与南极动物区系的亲缘关系可忽略不计。针对南极牛舌藻固着器的海上系泊实验表明，表栖无脊椎动物会迅速脱离已脱离宿主的固着器，但少数在1天后仍存活的物种或许可在长期漂流中存活。

本数据集包含以下字段：
Taxon（分类单元，物种）、Distribution（分布）、Locality（采集地）、Date（采集日期）、Control Quality（质控说明）：初步试验显示，附着于绳索的完整藻体会对锚具造成过大阻力，因此需将固着器与藻叶分离，并系泊于锚定浮标的海面处。该操作于1987年11月20日开展，次日收集4个系泊固着器用于动物区系分析。实验期间有2个固着器因海浪作用丢失，剩余2个固着器在漂流93天后回收。实验初始（1987年11月20日）与结束（1988年2月21日）时，均从岸边采集4个重复固着器作为动物区系对照样本。

为评估系泊固着器上是否发生了无脊椎动物招募，实验初始时将4个重复固着器置于淡水中浸泡10分钟以去除原有动物（参考Edgar 1992），随后进行海上系泊。其中2个附着对照固着器因海浪作用丢失，剩余2个于实验结束时回收。所有固着器回收后均小心装入塑料袋并加入福尔马林固定。后续实验室处理时，先将固着器拆解，将袋内冲洗物通过0.5毫米孔径的筛网，留存于筛网上的动物经双目显微镜计数，处理方法与人工藻类生境样本一致。

澳大利亚南极数据中心（AADC）2018年8月2日备注：
原始数据表已重新格式化，以符合OBIS/GBFI/IPT Biodiversity.AQ标准。新数据表《MacrofaunaDurvillaeaHoldfast87_88.csv》包含了赫德岛南极牛舌藻固着器相关动物区系以及人工藻类生境的相关数据。该新数据表包含datasetID（数据集ID）、occurrenceID（事件ID）、continentCode（大洲代码）、island（岛屿）、locationID（地点ID）、decimal latitude（十进制纬度）、decimal longitude（十进制经度）、event date（事件日期）、organismQuantity（生物个体数量）、organismQunatityType（生物数量类型）、basisOfRecord（记录依据）、occurrenceStatus（发生状态）、associatedTaxa（关联类群）以及associatedReference（关联参考文献）。该数据表还提供了可确定的最低分类阶元的物种鉴定信息。物种名称均在世界海洋物种登记册（WoRMS，World Register of Marine Species）中完成了匹配。