Phylogenomics resolves the relationships within Antennaria (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) and yields new insights into its morphological character evolution and biogeography

Antennaria are dioecious perennial herbs distributed mainly in the Holarctic Region with their major center of diversity in the Rocky Mountains of Western North America. The genus comprises 33 known sexual diploid/tetraploid species and at least five polyploid agamic complexes which mostly reproduce by forming asexual seeds. We performed a phylogenetic reconstruction of the 31 sexually-reproducing Antennaria species using a novel target enrichment method that employs custom capture probes and is designed to work across Asteraceae. Both concatenated and coalescent-based analyses of DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci recovered Antennaria as a monophyletic group except for the long-disputed species, Antennaria linearifolia, which was recovered outside of the genus. Antennaria was further resolved into three distinct, major lineages. Analysis of ancestral state reconstruction of 12 taxonomically important morphological characters elucidated patterns of character evolution throu...

蝶须属（Antennaria）为雌雄异株的多年生草本植物，主要分布于全北区，其多样性分布中心位于北美西部的落基山脉。该属目前已知包含33个有性生殖的二倍体/四倍体物种，以及至少5个主要通过形成无性种子进行繁殖的多倍体无融合生殖复合体。本研究针对31个有性生殖的蝶须属物种，采用一种全新的目标富集（target enrichment）技术开展系统发育重建，该技术搭载定制捕获探针，可适配菊科（Asteraceae）类群的研究。对数百个核基因座的DNA序列数据分别开展串联分析与基于溯祖理论的分析后，结果显示除长期存在分类争议的线叶蝶须（Antennaria linearifolia）被置于蝶须属之外，蝶须属整体为单系群。研究进一步将蝶须属划分为3个独立的主要演化支系。对12个分类学意义重要的形态性状开展祖先状态重建，阐明了性状演化的模式……