Ferroptosis and Cuproptosis in Periodontitis: Recent Biological Insights and Therapeutic Advances

Periodontitis is a significant global public health issue associated with the onset and progression of various systemic diseases, thereby requiring additional research and clinical attention. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as significant areas of research in the medical field, their precise roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remain unclear. We aim to systematically summarize the current research on ferroptosis and cuproptosis in periodontal disease and investigate the roles of glutathione pathway and autophagy pathway in connecting ferroptosis and cuproptosis during periodontitis. Further, we propose that a homeostatic imbalance of copper and iron, driven by periodontal pathogens, may contribute to elevated periodontal oxidative stress, representing a potential unifying link between ferroptosis and cuproptosis involved in periodontitis. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and cuproptosis in periodontitis, offering novel theoretical insights into its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

牙周炎作为一种严重的全球公共卫生问题，与多种系统性疾病的发病和进展密切相关，因而亟需进一步的研究和临床关注。尽管铁死亡和铜死亡已逐渐成为医学研究领域的重点领域，但它们在牙周炎发病机制中的确切作用尚不明确。本研究旨在系统性地总结当前关于铁死亡和铜死亡在牙周疾病中的研究进展，并探讨谷胱甘肽途径和自噬途径在连接铁死亡和铜死亡过程中的作用。此外，我们提出，由牙周病原体驱动的铜和铁的稳态失衡可能加剧牙周氧化应激，这代表了铁死亡和铜死亡在牙周炎中的潜在统一联系。本文对牙周炎中铁死亡和铜死亡的分子机制进行了全面概述，为牙周炎的发病机制及其潜在治疗靶点提供了新的理论视角。