Interspecific Ecological Interactions of Invasive Janitor Fish (Hypostomus duodecimalis) and Kanduli (Arius manillensis)

Alien (non-native) organisms that have been introduced into a region outside of their natural range, established selfsustaining populations, and spread past their initial point of introduction are considered invasive species (Kolar and Lodge, 2010).
The rate of alien species introductions worldwide has accelerated due to factors such as increasing human population, expanding transportation capabilities, and economic globalization. Invasive fish species have also taken control of the waterways of the Philippines, causing harm to native fish in many ways, such as preying on native fish, outcompeting native fish for food or other resources, and preventing native fish from reproducing or killing young native fish (Baquiran, 2022). Gregory Paul "Gregg" H. Yan, founder of Best
Alternatives, has noticed a shift in the contents of fisherfolk's catch over the last ten years, with native fish like biya, ayungin, martiniko, ulang, and Kanduli becoming scarcer and alien species like Knifefish, Blackchin Tilapia, Cream Dory, and the
Janitor fish multiplying in inland waters (Lacsamana, 2021). This study investigated the ecological interactions happened between the Janitor fish, an invasive fish, and the Kanduli, a local fish in the Philippines. The Janitor fish (Hypostomus duodecimalis) from South America is an invasive fish species that is spreading in local waterways
and forests, threatening to edge out the country's indigenous plants and animals (Berame and Alfonso, 2019). It was originally introduced locally for aquariums, but careless handling and weak controls allowed it to escape into the wild. These
foreign species may look like cute fishes but government wildlife experts warn that they are displacing native fish while causing massive harm to the fishing industries (Macaraig, 2011). This study focused on predation and interspecific competition, as well as the growth rate and survival rate of the Kanduli that were made to interact with the Janitor fish. Data collection was conducted in one of the researcher's houses in Dagupan City during the second semester of 2022-2023 school year.

被引入其自然分布范围以外区域、建立可自我维持种群且已扩散至初始引入点之外的外来（非本土）生物，被视为入侵物种（Kolar与Lodge，2010）。
受人口增长、交通运力扩张及经济全球化等因素影响，全球外来物种引入速率已大幅加快。入侵鱼类也已占据菲律宾诸多水域，并通过多种方式对本土鱼类造成危害：包括捕食本土鱼类、争夺食物或其他资源以排挤本土鱼类、干扰本土鱼类繁殖或捕杀本土幼鱼（Baquiran，2022）。
最佳替代方案公司（Best Alternatives）创始人格雷戈里·保罗·“格雷格”·H·严，在近十年间观察到渔民渔获物组成发生变化：比雅鱼（biya）、阿云金鱼（ayungin）、马丁尼科鱼（martiniko）、乌拉ng鱼（ulang）以及坎杜利鱼（Kanduli）等本土鱼类愈发稀少，而裸背鱼（Knifefish）、黑鳍罗非鱼（Blackchin Tilapia）、奶油多利鱼（Cream Dory）与清道夫鱼（Janitor fish）等外来物种在内陆水域的种群数量持续攀升（Lacsamana，2021）。
本研究针对入侵鱼类清道夫鱼与菲律宾本土鱼类坎杜利鱼之间的生态相互作用展开调查。来自南美洲的十二齿下口鲶（Hypostomus duodecimalis，即清道夫鱼Janitor fish）是一种入侵鱼类，目前正在当地水域与林地区域扩散，对菲律宾本土动植物构成排挤威胁（Berame与Alfonso，2019）。该物种最初作为观赏鱼被引入当地，但因处置不当且管控薄弱，最终逃逸至野外环境。
这些外来物种外形看似可爱，但菲律宾政府野生动物专家警告称，它们不仅会排挤本土鱼类，还会对渔业造成严重破坏（Macaraig，2011）。本研究聚焦于清道夫鱼与坎杜利鱼之间的捕食与种间竞争关系，以及二者共处环境下坎杜利鱼的生长速率与存活率。数据采集工作于2022-2023学年第二学期，在达古潘市（Dagupan City）研究者的一处居所内开展。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集研究了入侵性清道夫鱼与菲律宾本地鱼Kanduli之间的生态相互作用，包括捕食、竞争、生长率和存活率。研究通过准实验设计和叙述性观察方法，在模拟环境中对比了两者的相互作用，数据收集于2022-2023学年的第二学期。