Openness process in Valladolid city

Nature-Based Solutions require planning approaches and governance architectures that support accessibility to green spaces, while maintaining their quality for the provision of ecosystem services. Urban environmental problems are often difficult to handle and successful solutions require combined efforts of different scientific disciplines but also an active dialogue between stakeholders from policy and society (Lemos and Morehouse, 2005). In this context, transdisciplinary approaches for knowledge co-production provide insights about the ways and the rationale for engaging with multiple knowledge holders: experts and scientists as well as citizens and practitioners (Bergmann et al., 2012, Jahn et al., 2012). The scientific frameworks of urban ecosystem services were brought into the interface between policy and science to inform urban planning and governance (Frantzeskaki and Tilie, 2014). The quality of the URBAN GreenUP project implementation depends on social learning and adequate technical solutions. This is possible through the support and cooperation between the involved parties and the resulting input of knowledge (Luyet, 2012). Participation is often reduced to the dissemination of information and the holding of workshops. These approaches generally do not take into account either the heterogeneity of stakeholders, or the complexity of the decision making process (Luyet, 2012). The KPI “Openness of participatory processes” is based on the participation actions delivered in the city of Valladolid. There are defined two steps, data collection and data evaluation.基于自然的解决方案（Nature-Based Solutions）需要能够保障绿地可达性、同时维持其生态系统服务供给质量的规划方法与治理架构。城市环境问题往往难以应对，成功的解决方案需要不同科学学科的协同努力，同时也需要政策与社会领域的利益相关方展开积极对话（Lemos and Morehouse, 2005）。在此背景下，用于知识共创的跨学科方法为对接多元知识持有者——包括专家与科研人员、市民与实务工作者——的路径与逻辑提供了洞见（Bergmann et al., 2012, Jahn et al., 2012）。城市生态系统服务的科学框架已被引入政策与科学的对接界面，以指导城市规划与治理工作（Frantzeskaki and Tilie, 2014）。URBAN GreenUP项目的实施质量取决于社会学习与恰当的技术解决方案，这可通过参与方之间的支持与合作，以及由此产生的知识投入来实现（Luyet, 2012）。公众参与常被简化为信息传播与举办研讨会这类形式，此类方案通常既未考虑利益相关方的异质性，也未顾及决策过程的复杂性（Luyet, 2012）。“参与流程开放性”这一关键绩效指标（Key Performance Indicator, KPI）基于巴利亚多利德市开展的参与行动制定，其包含两个明确步骤：数据收集与数据评估。