Table S2.xlsx from A new insight into the evolution and functional divergence of <i>FRK</i> genes in <i>Pyrus bretschneideri</i>

In plants, plant fructokinases (FRKs) are considered to be the main gateway of fructose metabolism as they can phosphorylate fructose to fructose-6-phosphate. Chinese white pears are one of the popular fruits in the world market; sugar content is an important factor affecting the quality of the fruit. We identified 49 <i>FRKs</i> from four Rosaceae species; 20 of these sequences were from Chinese white pear. Subsequently, phylogenic relationship, gene structure and micro-collinearity were analysed. Phylogenetic and exon–intron analysis classified these <i>FRK</i>s into 10 subfamilies, and was aimed further to reveal the variation of the gene structure and the evolutionary relationship of this gene family. Remarkably, gene expression patterns in different tissues or different development stages of the pear fruit suggested functional redundancy for <i>PbFRKs</i> derived from segmental duplication or genome-wide duplication and sub-functionalization for some of them. Additionally, <i>PbFRK11</i>, <i>PbFRK13</i> and <i>PbFRK16</i> were found to play important roles in regulating the sugar content in the fruit. Overall, this study provided important insights into the evolution of the <i>FRK</i> gene family in four Rosaceae species, and highlighted its roles in both pear tissues and fruits. Results presented here provide the appropriate candidate of <i>PbFRK</i>s that might contribute to fructose efflux in the pear fruit.在植物体内，果糖激酶（fructokinases, FRKs）被认为是果糖代谢的主要门户，可催化果糖磷酸化为果糖-6-磷酸。中国白梨是全球市场广受欢迎的果品之一，糖含量是影响果实品质的重要因素。本研究从4个蔷薇科（Rosaceae）物种中鉴定出49个<i>FRK</i>基因，其中20个序列来自中国白梨。随后，本研究对这些基因的系统发育关系、基因结构及微共线性（micro-collinearity）展开了分析。通过系统发育与外显子-内含子结构分析，可将这些<i>FRK</i>基因划分为10个亚家族，本研究旨在进一步揭示该基因家族的基因结构变异与进化关系。值得注意的是，梨果实在不同组织及不同发育阶段的基因表达模式表明，由片段复制（segmental duplication）或全基因组复制（genome-wide duplication）产生的<i>PbFRKs</i>存在功能冗余现象，部分基因则发生了亚功能化（sub-functionalization）。此外，本研究发现<i>PbFRK11</i>、<i>PbFRK13</i>与<i>PbFRK16</i>在调控果实糖含量过程中发挥了重要作用。综上，本研究为4个蔷薇科物种中<i>FRK</i>基因家族的进化研究提供了重要见解，并阐明了该基因家族在梨组织与果实中的功能作用。本研究结果为筛选参与梨果实果糖外排的<i>PbFRKs</i>提供了合适的候选基因。