Constant and random practice on learning of volleyball serve

Abstract The type of practice can influence what is learned from a motor skill. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the constant and random practice on the learning of Generalized Motor Program and parameters of the volleyball serve. The sample was composed of 20 children between 10 and 12 years old. The participants performed a pre-test whose score was adopted to counterbalance two groups (n=10), random practice and constant practice. During the acquisition phase, the random group performed 252 serves from three different positions, always indicated at the end of each serve, and the constant group performed all serves from only a specific position. The retention test showed that both groups learned the Generalized Motor Program, but random practice conducted to higher parameterization learning, resultant from the variable of practice. During practice of a sport motor skills, although the constant and random practice improve the learning of Generalized Motor Program, only the random practice improves learning of parameters of the motor skill.

摘要 练习类型可影响个体从运动技能中习得的内容。本研究旨在探究固定练习与随机练习对排球发球广义运动程序（Generalized Motor Program）及运动技能参数学习的影响。本研究共招募20名10至12岁儿童作为被试，先对所有被试施测预测试，以预测试成绩作为分组平衡依据，将被试均分为两组（每组n=10）：随机练习组与固定练习组。在习得阶段，随机练习组需完成来自3种不同发球位置的252次发球，每次发球结束后才会告知下一次的发球位置；而固定练习组仅能从单一指定位置完成全部发球动作。保持测试结果显示，两组均掌握了广义运动程序，但随机练习可带来更高水平的参数化学习，该结果源于练习变量的调控作用。在体育运动技能练习过程中，尽管固定练习与随机练习均可促进广义运动程序的学习，但仅随机练习能够提升运动技能参数的学习效果。