Research sub-questions.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term disability, often accompanied by mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) present promising opportunities for improving the management of these issues, offering solutions such as remote monitoring and outcome tracking through ecological momentary assessment. This scoping review aims to explore the current landscape of DMHIs and the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in post-TBI populations. A systematic search across six databases identified 23 relevant studies, predominantly from high-income countries. Almost half of retrieved studies focused on mild TBI populations, with limited evidence reporting DMHI use exclusively in moderate or severe cases. The findings highlight the benefits of DMHIs, including real-time data collection, enhanced patient engagement, and the potential to improve care accessibility. However, challenges such as technology literacy, low response rates, and inconsistent measures of clinical efficacy were noted. Most interventions utilised asynchronous methods of communication, such as smartphone applications and SMS, with PROMs used to track emotional, behavioural, and psychological outcomes. A number of gaps were identified, including the need for more research in moderate and severe TBI cases, better integration into existing healthcare infrastructure, and standardisation of outcome measures. This review underscores the potential of DMHIs to enhance mental health care in TBI patients, while calling for more robust, user-centred designs and longer-term studies to ensure sustainability and effectiveness. Further, this review advocates for more interdisciplinary collaboration in the design and deployment of DMHIs, and the application of a systems-based approach to better integrate digital mental health technologies into TBI care pathways, with full consideration of people, systems, design, and risk. Future research should address these gaps to optimise post-injury care and outcomes for TBI patients when digital mental health solutions are implemented.创伤性脑损伤（Traumatic brain injury, TBI）是引发长期残疾的主要诱因之一，常伴随抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题。数字心理健康干预（Digital mental health interventions, DMHIs）为这类问题的管理提供了颇具前景的解决方案，可通过生态瞬时评估实现远程监测与结局追踪等服务。本范围综述旨在探究创伤性脑损伤后人群中数字心理健康干预的应用现状，以及患者报告结局指标（Patient-reported outcome measures, PROMs）的使用情况。研究通过对6个数据库开展系统检索，共纳入23项相关研究，其中绝大多数来自高收入国家。近半数纳入研究聚焦于轻度创伤性脑损伤人群，仅有少量证据专门针对中重度创伤性脑损伤病例开展数字心理健康干预相关研究。研究结果凸显了数字心理健康干预的多项优势，包括实时数据采集、提升患者参与度，以及改善医疗可及性的潜力。但同时也存在诸多挑战，例如技术素养不足、应答率偏低，以及临床疗效评估工具缺乏统一性等。多数干预措施采用智能手机应用程序、短信等异步通信方式，并通过患者报告结局指标追踪情绪、行为与心理结局。本综述还指出了多项研究空白：例如需针对中重度创伤性脑损伤病例开展更多研究，需推动数字心理健康干预与现有医疗基础设施的深度整合，以及统一结局指标的评估标准。本综述强调了数字心理健康干预在改善创伤性脑损伤患者心理健康照护方面的潜力，同时呼吁开展更多设计严谨、以用户为中心的研究，以及长期随访研究，以确保干预措施的可持续性与有效性。此外，本综述倡导在数字心理健康干预的设计与部署过程中加强跨学科协作，并采用基于系统的方法，将数字心理健康技术更好地融入创伤性脑损伤照护路径，同时充分考量人员、系统、设计与风险等维度。未来研究应聚焦填补上述空白，以优化数字心理健康解决方案落地后创伤性脑损伤患者的伤后照护质量与结局。