System specification.

The new millennium witnessed an unanticipated escalation in the installation of rooftop solar panels, particularly due to the development of highly efficient power electronic converters (PECs). The ‘battle of currents’ between AC and DC, which settled in the favor of AC in the nineteenth century, reignited as DC is striking back due to this technological augmentation. The shifting trend towards DC is more pronounced in the residential sector, which necessitates a comparative analysis of AC and DC at distribution scale on realistic grounds. Modern home data extracted from the energy information administration (EIA) has been utilized to devise a mathematical model based on bottom-up approach. The comparative analysis has been performed encompassing scenarios of varying PEC efficiencies as a result of daily load variation. Moreover, the scenarios of multiple PEC efficiencies and rooftop solar capacities are also considered. The comparative analysis revealed efficiency advantage of 1.966%, 1.41% and 1.17% in favor of DC as compared to AC for the scenarios considered. In the end future recommendations are presented to further enhance the efficiency of DC, thereby providing a concrete standing for power industry decision of adopting DC at distribution scale.千禧年以来，屋顶光伏面板的安装量出现了此前未被预料到的大幅增长，这一趋势尤其得益于高效电力电子变换器（Power Electronic Converters, PECs）技术的发展。曾在19世纪以交流电（Alternating Current, AC）胜出告终的交直流“电流阵营之争”，如今因这项技术进步再度升温，直流电（Direct Current, DC）正强势回归。这一转向直流电的发展趋势在民用住宅领域表现得更为显著，因此有必要基于真实场景，对配电规模下的交直流系统开展对比分析。本研究采用从美国能源信息署（Energy Information Administration, EIA）获取的家庭用电实测数据，基于自下而上法构建了数学模型。本次对比分析涵盖了因每日负荷波动导致的电力电子变换器效率变化的多种场景，此外还考量了多组电力电子变换器效率与屋顶光伏装机容量组合的场景。对比分析结果显示，在所考量的各类场景中，直流系统相较交流系统分别拥有1.966%、1.41%与1.17%的效率优势。文末提出了进一步提升直流系统效率的未来研究建议，旨在为电力行业在配电规模下采用直流系统的决策提供坚实依据。