Epidemiologic Trends in Ophthalmic Trauma Related to Major Sports: An NEISS Study

To examine trends in ophthalmic trauma secondary to five major sports (baseball, soccer, tennis, football, basketball) and identify differences between patient characteristics and time period (pre-COVID vs COVID) of injury. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to extract cases related to the sports of interest from 2011–2020. Entries were analyzed by age, sex, diagnosis, location, and disposition, with narrative descriptions assessed to characterize the mechanism of injury and visual sequelae. National incidence was extrapolated and Pearson’s ?2 and Fisher’s exact tests were performed. Among 98,995 presentations, most involved male (83.5%) and pediatric patients (59.2%). Contusion/abrasion (57.3%) was the predominant diagnosis, with injuries primarily precipitated by contact with a ball (44.9%) and occurring in the recreational setting (49.0%). Visual sequelae were documented in 6.4% of injuries. Patients were commonly treated/examined and released (95.6%). Between sports, significant differences in diagnosis (p < .001), mechanism of injury (p < .001), location (p < .001), visual sequelae (p < .001), and disposition (p = .005) were observed. Stratification by age indicated significant differences in diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and location (all p < .001). Stratification by sex indicated significant differences in the mechanism of injury (p < .001) and visual sequelae (p = .04). Stratification by time period indicated significant differences in diagnosis (p = .002) and mechanism of injury (p = .001). There are notable differences in sports-related ocular injuries by patient characteristic, revealing important considerations for their clinical evaluation and the development of safety guidelines.

为探究棒球、足球、网球、美式橄榄球、篮球这五大主流运动相关眼外伤的发病趋势，并明确患者特征与受伤时段（新冠疫情前vs新冠疫情期间）之间的差异。本研究调取了2011-2020年国家电子伤害监测系统（National Electronic Injury Surveillance System）中与上述目标运动相关的病例数据。研究从患者年龄、性别、诊断结果、受伤部位、处置情况五个维度对纳入病例进行分析，并通过病历叙述性描述明确受伤机制与视觉后遗症特征。研究外推计算了全国眼外伤发病率，并采用Pearson卡方检验与Fisher确切概率法进行统计学分析。
在共计98995例就诊病例中，男性患者占比83.5%，儿科患者占比59.2%，为主要就诊人群。挫伤/擦伤（57.3%）为最常见的诊断类型，44.9%的外伤由球类接触引发，49.0%的外伤发生于休闲娱乐场景中。6.4%的外伤病例记录有视觉后遗症，95.6%的患者经诊治后予以出院/离院。
不同运动类型间的诊断结果、受伤机制、受伤部位、视觉后遗症发生率及处置情况均存在显著统计学差异（P<0.001；P=0.005）。按年龄分层亚组分析显示，不同年龄组的诊断结果、受伤机制及受伤部位均存在显著统计学差异（均P<0.001）。按性别分层亚组分析显示，不同性别患者的受伤机制与视觉后遗症发生率存在显著统计学差异（P<0.001；P=0.04）。按受伤时段分层亚组分析显示，不同时段的诊断结果与受伤机制存在显著统计学差异（P=0.002；P=0.001）。
不同患者特征下的运动相关性眼外伤存在显著差异，该研究结果为临床诊疗评估与运动安全指南的制定提供了重要参考依据。