Documenting And Assessing Open Innovation: Co-creation Of An Open Data Model For Surgical Training (Additional materials, tables 2 & 3)

Challenge competitions have recently resurged for promoting open innovation in areas where markets fail to provide incentives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Challenges call for the general public to contribute novel solutions to a well-defined problem, in exchange for prizes, credentials and the promise of further development of selected solutions. The aim of this paper is to report on the development of an open and collaborative data model to document and evaluate innovations in the context of a challenge competition, while also being compatible with the work of other open source communities to validate and improve them. By reusing open documentation standards and embedding them into a semantic collaborative platform, the model aimed to be flexible enough to respond to the evaluation needs of the project organisers and self-assessment for participants. We expect our experience provides insights on the potential of semantic, collaborative platforms and standards for increasing the impact of innovations towards the SDGs. The developer team defined the goal and scope of the ontology in collaboration with the GSTC organisers. This was done by agreeing on scenarios where the ontology will be used and establishing competency questions that the ontology has to be able to respond to. Table 2 describes the four motivating scenarios, including actors involved, requirements, sequence of actions and main problems identified. Table 3 details the competency questions for each scenario.挑战竞赛（challenge competition）近期再度兴起，旨在推动市场激励不足领域的开放创新，例如可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goals，SDGs）相关范畴。此类挑战竞赛面向社会公众，邀请其为明确界定的问题贡献创新性解决方案，以换取奖金、资质认证以及入选方案获得进一步开发的承诺。本研究旨在阐述一款开放协作型数据模型的开发过程，该模型可用于在挑战竞赛场景下对创新成果进行记录与评估，同时可兼容其他开源社区的相关工作，以实现对创新成果的验证与优化。通过复用开放文档标准并将其嵌入语义协作平台，该模型具备足够的灵活性，可同时满足项目主办方的评估需求与参赛者的自我评估需求。本研究期望其经验能够为语义协作平台与标准在提升创新成果对可持续发展目标的贡献潜力方面提供参考思路。研发团队与GSTC主办方合作，明确了本本体论（ontology）的目标与适用范围。该过程通过商定本体论的应用场景，并确立本体论需能够解答的能力问题（competency questions）来完成。表2阐述了四类驱动场景，涵盖涉及的参与主体、需求、行动流程以及已识别的主要问题。表3详细列出了各场景对应的能力问题。