FREEDOM IN LITERATURE: CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS, AESTHETIC REPRESENTATIONS, AND SOCIO-POLITICAL INTERPRETATIONS

This article examines the diverse interpretations of freedom in literature, focusing on its philosophical foundations, aesthetic manifestations, and socio-political implications. The study explores freedom as individual autonomy, collective self-determination, artistic creativity, and resistance to various forms of oppression. Drawing upon philosophical traditions associated with thinkers such as Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Sartre, and Kierkegaard, the article demonstrates how literary texts engage with competing understandings of freedom across historical periods and cultural contexts. Particular attention is devoted to the relationship between freedom and its antagonistic forces, including authority, tradition, social constraints, economic pressures, and psychological repression. The paper further investigates how different literary genres, especially tragedy, represent the complexities of human freedom and its limitations.本文探讨文学领域中对自由的多元阐释，聚焦其哲学根基、美学表现与社会政治意蕴。本研究将自由界定为个体自主性、集体自决权、艺术创造力以及对各类压迫形式的反抗。本文依托康德、黑格尔、马克思、尼采、弗洛伊德、萨特、克尔凯郭尔等哲学家的思想传统，阐释了不同历史时期与文化语境下，文学文本如何围绕互竞的自由观展开叙事。研究特别关注自由与其对抗性力量之间的关系，此类力量包括权威、传统、社会约束、经济压力与心理压抑。本文进一步探讨了不同文学体裁（尤以悲剧为代表）如何呈现人类自由的复杂性及其局限性。