Analysis of pulmonary microecology and clinical characteristics of patients carrying human herpesvirus

<b>Aim:</b> To investigate the impact of human herpes virus (<i>HHV</i>) carriage on lung microbiota, and its correlation with clinical features and laboratory indicators in patients. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 outpatient lung infection cases, which were divided into <i>HHV</i> (n = 15) and non-<i>HHV</i> (n = 15) groups. mNGS detected microbial composition. Microbial diversity and abundance were tested using Shannon and Chao1 indices. Their relationship with laboratory indicators were explored. <b>Results:</b> Significant differences in microbial abundance and distribution were found between two groups (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HHV group showed negative correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> and basophil/eosinophil percentages. <b>Conclusion:</b><i>HHV</i> carriage impacts lung microbiota, emphasizing the need for clinicians to pay attention to <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient lung infection patients. This study looked at how a common virus called human herpesvirus (<i>HHV</i>) affects the bacteria in our lungs. We wanted to see if <i>HHV</i> is linked to how sick we feel and what tests show. We split 30 people who had lung infections into two groups – 15 with <i>HHV</i> and 15 without – and checked how sick they felt, did some tests, and looked at the types of bacteria in their lungs. Both groups felt similarly sick and got better with medicine, but people with <i>HHV</i> had fewer of a certain type of blood cell. People with and without <i>HHV</i> also had different types of bacteria in their lungs. This study helps us understand why people get sick with lung infections and how to make them better. It might also help doctors decide how to treat people with lung infections. Investigated the association between <i>HHV</i> reactivation and the pulmonary microbiota and clinical features in outpatient pulmonary infection patients. Found that eosinophils and basophils in the <i>HHV</i> group were significantly lower than in the non-<i>HHV</i> group (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference in α diversity of lung microbiota between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &gt; 0.05), indicating similar abundance and evenness of microbiota in both groups. No significant difference in β diversity of lung microbiota between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &gt; 0.05), suggesting similar community structure. Significant differences were observed in certain microbial taxa between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &lt; 0.05), such as <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Bacillota</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i> at the phylum level and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Streptococcu</i>s and <i>Veillonella</i> at the genus level. <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> at the genus level in the <i>HHV</i> group were significantly negatively correlated with basophil percentage (p &lt; 0.05), and <i>Porphyromonas</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> were also significantly negatively correlated with eosinophil percentage (p &lt; 0.05). This study detected <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient pulmonary infection patients using mNGS. <i>HHV</i> reactivation is associated with decreased eosinophils and basophils. These findings provide important clues for further research into the mechanism of <i>HHV</i> reactivation in pulmonary infection and emphasize the need to pay attention to <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient pulmonary infection patients.

**研究目的**：探讨人类疱疹病毒（human herpesvirus, HHV）定植对肺部微生物群的影响，及其与患者临床特征、实验室指标的相关性。
**研究方法**：对30例门诊肺部感染患者进行回顾性分析，将其分为HHV组（n=15）与非HHV组（n=15）。采用宏基因组二代测序（metagenomic next-generation sequencing, mNGS）检测微生物群落组成，通过香农（Shannon）指数与蔡1（Chao1）指数评估微生物多样性与丰度，并探究其与实验室指标的关联。
**研究结果**：两组患者肺部微生物的丰度与分布存在显著差异（p<0.05）。此外，HHV组中普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）、卟啉单胞菌属（Porphyromonas）与链球菌属（Streptococcus）的相对丰度与嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。
**研究结论**：HHV定植可影响肺部微生物群，提示临床医师需关注门诊肺部感染患者的HHV激活情况。本研究旨在明确HHV激活与门诊肺部感染患者肺部微生物群及临床特征的关联。结果显示，HHV组患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞与嗜碱性粒细胞水平显著低于非HHV组（p<0.05）；两组肺部微生物群的α多样性无显著差异（p>0.05），提示两组微生物的丰度与均匀度相近；两组肺部微生物群的β多样性亦无显著差异（p>0.05），表明群落结构相似；但两组间部分微生物类群存在显著差异（p<0.05），包括门水平的拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、厚壁菌门（Bacillota）与变形菌门（Proteobacteria），以及属水平的假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、链球菌属（Streptococcus）与韦荣球菌属（Veillonella）。HHV组中属水平的普雷沃菌属、卟啉单胞菌属与链球菌属与嗜碱性粒细胞百分比呈显著负相关（p<0.05），卟啉单胞菌属与链球菌属同时与嗜酸性粒细胞百分比呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。本研究通过mNGS在门诊肺部感染患者中检测到HHV激活现象，HHV激活与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞水平降低相关。上述研究结果为进一步探究肺部感染中HHV激活的分子机制提供了重要线索，同时强调了临床需重视门诊肺部感染患者的HHV激活情况。