Parkes observations for project P1066 semester 2020APRS_01

We propose 36 hrs of Parkes observations to continue our successful Deeper, Wider, Faster (DWF) program to detect fast transients and fast radio burst (FRB) counterparts and help resolve their nature. DWF coordinates over 60 observatories worldwide at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma-ray to detect and follow-up FRBs and other elusive fast (millisecond-to-hours duration) transients. Crucially, we coordinate simultaneous deep, fast-cadenced, wide-field observations at all wavelengths to observe the same field at the same time as Parkes, enabling multi-wavelength detection before, during, and after the radio detection. Little to no multi-wavelength observations to any significant depth have been done on these timescales, leaving this parameter space underexplored. \r\n\r\nDWF coordinates major facilities such as South Pole Telescope (mm/sub-mm), GROND (infrared), CTIO Dark Energy Camera (optical), Astrosat (UV/X-ray), HXMT (X-ray), HESS (gamma-ray), and Pierre Auger (high-energy). We perform realtime data processing and transient identification at all wavelengths that enables triggering our deep, rapid-response (within minutes) follow up programs for deep spectroscopy and imaging using the world's largest telescopes (e.g., Keck, VLT, Gemini, SALT, ATCA).

我们提议开展36小时的帕克斯（Parkes）观测任务，以延续已取得丰硕成果的“更深、更广、更快”（Deeper, Wider, Faster, DWF）项目，用于探测快速暂现源与快速射电暴（fast radio burst, FRB）对应体，并助力阐明其本质。该项目协调了全球超过60个覆盖全电磁波段（从射电到伽马射线）的观测台站，以探测并跟进快速射电暴及其他难以捉摸的快速暂现源——此类暂现源的持续时长从毫秒至数小时不等。尤为关键的是，我们协调了全波段的同步深场、快速时序、宽视场观测，以在与帕克斯望远镜观测的同一时段内对准同一天区，从而实现在射电探测前、探测中及探测后开展多波段探测。目前在这类时间尺度上，几乎未开展过具备足够深度的多波段观测，致使该参数空间尚未得到充分探索。

“更深、更广、更快”项目协调了多项大型观测设施，包括南极望远镜（South Pole Telescope，毫米/亚毫米波段）、GROND红外巡天望远镜、CTIO暗能量相机（光学波段）、Astrosat紫外/X射线卫星、硬X射线调制望远镜（HXMT, X射线）、HESS切伦科夫望远镜阵列（伽马射线波段）以及皮埃尔·奥杰天文台（Pierre Auger, 高能）。我们会在全波段开展实时数据处理与暂现源识别工作，借此可启动针对全球大型望远镜（如凯克望远镜（Keck）、甚大望远镜（VLT）、双子座望远镜（Gemini）、南非大望远镜（SALT）、澳大利亚望远镜致密阵列（ATCA））的深场光谱与成像快速响应观测项目，其响应时长可控制在数分钟以内。