2023IonosphericStormsData

Data for a paper presenting a deep and comprehensive multi-instrumental analysis of two distinct ionospheric storms occurring in March and April 2023. We investigate the ionospheric response in the middle-latitudinal European region utilizing ionospheric vertical sounding at five European stations: Juliusruh, Dourbes, Pruhonice, Sopron, and a reference station, San Vito. Additionally, we employ Digisonde Drift Measurement, Continuous Doppler Sounding System, local geomagnetic measurements, and optical observations. We concentrate on the F2 and F1 region parameters and shape of the electron density profile. During the March event, a pre-storm enhancement was observed, characterized by an increase in electron density up to approximately 20% at northern stations, with minimal effect observed at San Vito. The observed decrease in foF2 during both events, except at San Vito data, conforms to the typical pattern of negative storms. The most significant change in ionospheric characteristics was the presence of a so-called G-condition, when no information about the state of the ionosphere above the F1 layer is obtained from ground-based observation. Further, an alteration in the shape of the electron density profile, notably captured by the parameter B0 is observed. A substantial increase in B0, by several hundred percent, was noted during both events on the day of the geomagnetic disturbance, as well as on the subsequent day with low-to-moderate geomagnetic activity. During both storms, the critical frequency foF1 decreased at all stations including San Vito. Changes in electron density in the F1 region indicate plasma outflow during morning hours. Distinct and persistent oblique reflections from the auroral oval were observed on the ionograms for several hours during both events and these observations were in agreement with optical observations of auroral activity and concurrent rapid geomagnetic changes at collocated stations. Results from the Continuous Doppler Sounding System and Digisonde Drift Measurement reveal vertical movement of plasma up to ±80 m/s, showing excellent agreement. Analysis of observed vertical plasma drifts and horizontal component H of magnetic field in Czechia and Belgium suggest that vertical motion of the F-region plasma is caused by <b><i>E</i></b>x<b><i>B</i></b> plasma drift.

本数据集对应一篇研究论文，该论文针对2023年3月与4月发生的两起独立电离层暴开展了深入且全面的多仪器联合分析。本研究依托欧洲5个观测站的电离层垂直探测数据，探究欧洲中纬度区域的电离层响应，这5个观测站分别为尤利斯特鲁（Juliusruh）、杜尔贝（Dourbes）、普鲁霍尼采（Pruhonice）、绍普龙（Sopron），以及参考站圣维托（San Vito）。此外，本研究还使用了Digisonde漂移测量（Digisonde Drift Measurement）、连续多普勒探测系统（Continuous Doppler Sounding System）、本地地磁测量数据以及光学观测资料。研究重点聚焦于F2区与F1区的参数特征，以及电子密度剖面的形态。在3月的电离层暴事件中，观测到暴前增强现象：北部观测站的电子密度最高提升约20%，而圣维托站几乎未受影响。除圣维托站数据外，两起事件中观测到的F2层临界频率（foF2）均出现下降，这符合负相电离层暴的典型特征。电离层特征最显著的变化为所谓的G条件（G-condition）现象：当日基观测无法获取F1层以上电离层的状态信息。此外，还观测到电子密度剖面形态发生改变，该变化可通过参数B0（B0）得到显著体现。在两起事件的地磁扰动当日，以及后续地磁活动处于中低水平的当日，参数B0均出现大幅提升，增幅可达数百个百分点。在两起电离层暴期间，包括圣维托站在内的所有观测站的F1层临界频率（foF1）均出现下降。F1区电子密度的变化表明，晨间时段存在等离子体外流现象。在两起事件期间，电离图上均观测到来自极光卵的清晰且持续的斜向反射信号，持续时长可达数小时；该观测结果与极光活动的光学观测结果，以及同期同址测站的快速地磁变化结果均保持一致。连续多普勒探测系统与Digisonde漂移测量的结果显示，等离子体垂直运动速度可达±80 m/s，二者结果吻合度极佳。对捷克与比利时两地观测到的等离子体垂直漂移以及地磁水平分量H的分析表明，F区等离子体的垂直运动由E×B等离子体漂移驱动。