Supplementary Material for: The Autism Rating Scale for Schizophrenia – Revised English Version: An Instrument to Characterize Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Phenotype

Dis-sociality (DS) reflects the impairment of social experience in people with schizophrenia; it encompasses both negative features (disorder of attunement, inability to grasp the meaning of social contexts, the vanishing of social shared knowledge) and positive features (a peculiar set of values, ruminations not oriented to reality), reflecting the existential arrangement of people with schizophrenia. DS is grounded on the notion of schizophrenic autism as depicted by continental psychopathology. A rating scale has been developed, providing an experiential phenotype. Here we present the Autism Rating Scale for Schizophrenia – Revised English version (ARSS-Rev), developed on the Italian version of the scale. The scale is provided by a structured interview to facilitate the assessment of the phenomena investigated here. ARSS-Rev is composed of 16 distinctive items grouped into 6 categories: hypo-attunement, invasiveness, emotional flooding, algorithmic conception of sociality, antithetical attitude toward sociality, and idionomia. For each item and category, an accurate description is provided. Different intensities of phenomena are assessed through a Likert scale by rating each item according to its quantitative features (frequency, intensity, impairment, and need for coping). The ARSS-Rev has been able to discriminate patients with remitted schizophrenia from euthymic patients with psychotic bipolar disorder. This instrument may be useful in clinical/research settings to demarcate the boundaries of schizophrenia spectrum disorders from affective psychoses.

社交疏离（Dis-sociality, DS）指精神分裂症患者的社交体验受损状态，其涵盖两类特征：阴性特征包括调谐障碍、无法把握社交情境的意义、社会共享知识的消逝；阳性特征则包含一套独特的价值观、脱离现实的反刍思维，反映了精神分裂症患者的生存状态。DS的理论根基源自大陆精神病理学所阐释的精神分裂症性自闭症概念。研究团队已开发出一款评定量表，用以提供该状态的体验表型。本文介绍的是基于该量表意大利版开发的精神分裂症自闭症评定量表——修订版（Autism Rating Scale for Schizophrenia – Revised, ARSS-Rev）的英文版本。该量表采用结构化访谈形式，以便利对本文所研究的社交疏离现象进行评估。ARSS-Rev共包含16个独特条目，归为6个类别：低调谐性（hypo-attunement）、侵入性（invasiveness）、情绪泛滥（emotional flooding）、社交性的算法化认知（algorithmic conception of sociality）、对社交的对立态度（antithetical attitude toward sociality）以及个体独特性（idionomia）。针对每个条目与类别，均配有详尽的描述说明。研究人员通过李克特量表（Likert scale）对不同现象的严重程度进行评定，依据每条目的频率、强度、受损程度以及应对需求等量化特征进行评分。ARSS-Rev已被证实能够有效区分缓解期精神分裂症患者与心境正常的精神病性双相障碍患者。该工具可在临床或研究场景中用于划定精神分裂症谱系障碍与情感性精神病的边界。