*High > rising in Ngwi: Supplementary materials

Abstract: Previous research has proposed a direct path from consonantal effects on F0 to the development of a rising tone value. However, findings from tone change studies in Asian languages suggest an additional pathway: a high tone (i.e., with a tonal target in the upper pitch range) may evolve into a rising tone, without consonantal conditioning. This study examines tone change pathways to rising in the Ngwi (Loloish) languages. Among the 11 Ngwi language clusters examined, a new rising tone value has unambiguously developed from an historically high tone in 9 of them. In several clusters, prevocalic consonants conditioned a tone split, but in other clusters, consonantal conditioning does not appear to have played a role. The findings suggest that a high tonal target is itself a condition favorable to the development of a rising tone value, as reaching a high tonal target in connected speech frequently entails a rising contour. Key words: rising tone, tone change, Ngwi, dialect laboratory, pathways to sound change Supplementary materials for the manuscript "The phonetic tone change *high > rising: Evidence from the Ngwi dialect laboratory": Supplementary data files: Appendix 1: Ngwi lects, data sources, and data locations Appendix 2: Ngwi comparative wordlist Appendix 3: Ngwi comparative tone box Data files for producing the figures: Figures 1, 8, 15: Fig1_... files Figure 3: Fig3_...files Figures 7, 10, 12, 13: Fig1_Ngwi Villages and Fig1_Yunnan_Border Figure 6, 11: Fig6_...files Figure 9: Fig9_...files Figure 14: Fig14_...files Rising tones R script: R script for producing the figures摘要：既往研究提出了一条由辅音对基频（F0）的影响导向升调调值形成的直接路径。然而，亚洲语言声调变化研究的结果揭示了一条额外演化路径：高调（即音高上限的调目标）可在无需辅音条件制约的情况下演化为升调。本研究以努斯语群（Ngwi，属彝语支）的语言为对象，探讨其升调的演化路径。在所考察的11个努斯语簇中，有9个簇明确从历史高调演化出了全新的升调调值。部分语簇中，元音前辅音触发了声调分裂，但其余语簇中似乎并未出现辅音条件制约的作用。研究结果表明，调目标本身即为利于升调调值形成的条件，因为在连贯言语中实现高音域调目标往往会伴随升调曲拱。 关键词：升调、声调变化、努斯语（Ngwi）、方言实验室、语音变化路径 论文《语音变化*高>升：来自努斯语方言实验室的证据》（"The phonetic tone change *high > rising: Evidence from the Ngwi dialect laboratory"）的补充材料如下： 补充数据文件： 附录1：努斯语变体、数据来源与数据存储位置 附录2：努斯语对比词表 附录3：努斯语对比声调对照表 用于生成图表的数据文件： 图1、图8、图15：Fig1_*系列文件 图3：Fig3_*系列文件 图7、图10、图12、图13：Fig1_Ngwi Villages与Fig1_Yunnan_Border系列文件 图6、图11：Fig6_*系列文件 图9：Fig9_*系列文件 图14：Fig14_*系列文件 升调相关R脚本：用于生成图表的R脚本文件