IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) Race and Ethnicity Measure: Income Inequity by County, United States, 2005-2022

The IPUMS Contextual Determinants of Health (CDOH) data series
provides access to measures of disparities, policies, and counts, by state
or county, for historically marginalized populations in the United States
including Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latina/o/e/x, and LGBTQ+ persons, and
women.
The IPUMS CDOH data are made available through ICPSR/DSDR for merging
with the National Couples'
Health and Time Study (NCHAT), United States, 2020-2021 (ICPSR 38417)
by approved restricted data researchers. All other researchers can access
the IPUMS CDOH data via the IPUMS CDOH
website.
Unlike other IPUMS products, the CDOH data are organized into multiple
categories related to Race and Ethnicity, Sexual and Gender Minority,
Gender, and Politics. The measures were created from a wide variety of data
sources (e.g., IPUMS NHGIS, the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Movement Advancement Project, and
Myers Abortion Facility Database).
Measures are currently available for states or counties from approximately
2015 to 2020.
The Race and Ethnicity measure in this release is an indicator of income inequity which is measured using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE). ICE is a measure of social polarization within a particular geographic unit. It shows whether people or households in a geographic unit are concentrated in privileged or deprived extremes. The privileged group in this study is the number of households with a householder identifying as White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, with an income equal to or greater than $100,000. The deprived group in this study is the number of households with a householder identifying as a different race/ethnic group (e.g., Black alone, Asian alone, Hispanic or Latino), with an income equal to or less than $25,000. To work with the IPUMS CDOH data, researchers will need to use the variable <strong>MATCH_ID</strong> to merge the data in DS1 with NCHAT surveys within the virtual data enclave (VDE).

IPUMS 健康背景决定因素（Contextual Determinants of Health，简称CDOH）数据集系列，可获取美国历史上处于边缘化地位的群体按州或县划分的差异指标、政策数据与统计量，涵盖非裔、亚裔、西班牙裔/拉丁裔、LGBTQ+群体及女性。
IPUMS CDOH数据集由ICPSR/DSDR对外提供，仅限经批准的受限数据研究人员将其与2020-2021年美国全国夫妻健康与时间研究（National Couples' Health and Time Study，简称NCHAT，ICPSR 38417）进行合并。其他研究人员可通过IPUMS CDOH官网获取该数据集。
与其他IPUMS产品不同，CDOH数据集按种族与族裔、性与性别少数群体、性别及政治四大类别组织。其指标源自多种数据源，例如IPUMS NHGIS、美国人口普查局、美国劳工统计局、运动推进项目（Movement Advancement Project）以及迈尔斯堕胎设施数据库（Myers Abortion Facility Database）。
目前该数据集提供约2015年至2020年州级与县级层面的指标。
本版本中的种族与族裔指标为收入不平等指标，采用极端集中指数（index of concentration at the extremes，简称ICE）测算。ICE是衡量特定地理单元内社会极化程度的指标，可反映该地理单元内的人口或家庭是否集中于特权或贫困极端群体。本研究中的特权群体为户主为非西班牙裔白人且家庭年收入不低于10万美元的家庭；贫困群体为户主属于其他种族/族裔群体（例如非裔单独群体、亚裔单独群体、西班牙裔或拉丁裔）且家庭年收入不高于2.5万美元的家庭。研究人员若需使用IPUMS CDOH数据集，需通过变量<strong>MATCH_ID</strong>将DS1中的数据与虚拟数据飞地（Virtual Data Enclave，简称VDE）内的NCHAT调查数据进行合并。