Nexus file for: Molecular diversification of hummingbirds

The tempo of species diversification in large clades can reveal fundamental evolutionary mechanisms that operate on large temporal and spatial scales. Hummingbirds have radiated into a diverse assemblage of specialized nectarivores comprising 338 species, but their evolutionary history has not, until now, been comprehensively explored. We studied hummingbird diversification by estimating a time-calibrated phylogeny for 284 hummingbird species, demonstrating that hummingbirds invaded South America by ~22 million years ago, and subsequently diversified into nine principal clades. Using ancestral state reconstruction and diversification analyses, we (1) estimate the age of the crown-group hummingbird assemblage, (2) investigate the timing and patterns of lineage accumulation for hummingbirds overall and regionally, and (3) evaluate the role of Andean uplift in hummingbird speciation. Detailed analyses reveal disparate clade-specific processes that allowed for ongoing species diversificatio...

大型支系（clades）的物种分化速率，可揭示大时空尺度下运作的核心进化机制。蜂鸟已辐射演化出包含338个物种的特化食蜜类群，但其进化历史此前尚未得到全面探究。本研究通过构建284种蜂鸟的时间校准系统发育树（time-calibrated phylogeny），探究其物种分化过程，结果显示蜂鸟约在2200万年前入侵南美洲，随后分化为9个主要支系。本研究借助祖先状态重建（ancestral state reconstruction）与分化分析，开展了三项工作：(1) 估算蜂鸟冠群（crown-group）的起源时间；(2) 探究蜂鸟整体及各区域的谱系积累时序与模式；(3) 评估安第斯山脉隆升（Andean uplift）在蜂鸟物种形成（speciation）过程中的作用。精细分析显示，不同支系存在支系特异性的差异化演化过程，支撑了持续的物种分化……