Ground insects abundance and species variation in woodlot by quadrats

Variable descriptions:The abundance of insects is the number of them found within the 1m by 1m quadrat. Only land insects that were completely within the quadrat were included, not flying ones. This is a quantitive discrete variable. The species richness is the number of different types of land insects found within the 1m by 1m quadrat. Only land insects that were completely within the quadrat were included, not flying ones. Different species of an animal, like ants, were counted as one. This is a quantitive discrete variable. Hypothesis: As the observations are made farther away from the grasslands, there will be a significant difference in the variability and number of insects seen due to environmental preferences. Predictions:1) The further in the woodlot the insects are observed, the higher the abundance of insects.2) As the quadrats are moved farther into the woodlot, more different types of land insects will be observed.3) As the types of insects increases, so will the abundance of them. Methods:3The quadrats were placed in the woodlot on the east side of york university keele campus. For each new measurement the quadrat was moved 3 steps to the east, then 3 steps north, to the east, then 3 to the north, until all 25 of the data observations were collected. This method moved the collection away from the grasslands and further into the woodlot. Only land insects were considered for the data, no flying insects or animals other than insects.

变量说明：昆虫丰度（abundance of insects）指在1米×1米样方（quadrat）内被发现的昆虫个体总数。仅统计完全处于样方范围内的陆生昆虫，不包含飞行昆虫。该变量为定量离散型变量。物种丰富度（species richness）指在1米×1米样方内被发现的不同陆生昆虫类群的数量。仅统计完全处于样方范围内的陆生昆虫，不包含飞行昆虫。同一类动物的不同物种（例如蚂蚁）计为一个类群。该变量为定量离散型变量。研究假设：由于昆虫存在环境偏好，当观测点距离草原越远时，观测到的昆虫数量与变异性将存在显著差异。研究预测：1）在林块中观测到的昆虫越靠内部，昆虫丰度越高。2）随着样方向林块内部移动，观测到的陆生昆虫类群数量将增加。3）昆虫类群数量越多，其丰度也将越高。研究方法：样方设置于约克大学基尔校区东侧的林块中。每次新的采样时，将样方先向东移动3步，再向北移动3步，循环此操作直至收集到全部25组观测数据。该采样方式使观测点逐步远离草原，深入林块内部。本次数据仅统计陆生昆虫，不包含飞行昆虫以及非昆虫类动物。