Datasets used in constructing hydrologic budgets for six bedrock aquifers in the Black Hills area of South Dakota and Wyoming, 1931–2022

Population growth and recurring droughts in the Black Hills region of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming raised concerns regarding water resources and its future availability. Drought conditions in the late 1980s and the early 2000s stressed local water systems relying heavily on surface water as the population of the region was increasing. In response to water-availability concerns in the late 1980s, the Black Hills Hydrology Study (BHHS) was initiated in the early 1990s to inventory and assess the region's water resources, focusing on the quantity, quality, and distribution of both surface water and groundwater. The population of the Black Hills region increased by about 39 percent since completion of the BHHS in 2000 compared to 2022, which has renewed concerns regarding future water demand and availability in the Black Hills. To address concerns regarding water use and its availability in the Black Hills region, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with West Dakota Regional Water System, completed a study to update hydrologic budgets from the BHHS for six of the most used aquifers in the Black Hills and to evaluate water availability by comparing results from hydrologic budgets to modern well withdrawals and water rights information. Key updates to the BHHS budgets included adding available data from 1999 to 2022 and dividing hydrologic budgets for each aquifer into nine subareas. The aquifers included in this study were the Deadwood, Madison, Minnelusa, Minnekahta, Sundance, and Inyan Kara. Hydrologic budgets consisted of various budgets components including inflows (recharge from precipitation and streamflow losses) and outflows (springflow and well withdrawals). This dataset contains geospatial data (ESRI grids and shapefiles) for study area boundaries, subarea boundaries, potentiometric contours of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers modified from a previous study, drainage basins used in estimating streamflow recharge, outcrop areas for bedrock aquifers used in estimating precipitation recharge and springflow discharge, and precipitation grids for 1931 to 2022 derived from climate stations. This dataset also includes data tables of precipitation recharge, streamflow recharge, springflow discharge, and well withdrawals in either in comma separated value (CSV) or Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format.

美国南达科他州西部与怀俄明州东部的布莱克山（Black Hills）地区面临人口增长与周期性干旱的双重挑战，引发了对该区域水资源及其未来可获取性的广泛担忧。20世纪80年代末与21世纪初的干旱状况，叠加该地区持续增长的人口规模，给高度依赖地表水的本地供水系统带来了沉重压力。为应对1980年代末暴露的水资源可获取性问题，美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey）于1990年代初启动了布莱克山水文研究（Black Hills Hydrology Study, BHHS），旨在清查并评估该区域的水资源状况，重点聚焦地表水与地下水的储量、质量及空间分布。

相较于2000年布莱克山水文研究结题时的人口基数，至2022年该地区人口已增长约39%，这一变化重新引发了对布莱克山地区未来水资源需求与可获取性的担忧。为解决该区域当前的水资源利用与供给矛盾，美国地质调查局联合西达科他地区供水系统（West Dakota Regional Water System）完成了一项更新研究：对布莱克山地区6处核心开采含水层的布莱克山水文研究水文预算进行升级，并通过将新的水文预算结果与现代抽井取水量及水权信息开展对比分析，评估区域水资源可获取性。

本次布莱克山水文研究预算更新的核心内容包括：补充1999年至2022年的可用观测数据，并将每个含水层的水文预算划分为9个子区域分别核算。本研究涉及的含水层依次为戴德伍德（Deadwood）、麦迪逊（Madison）、明尼卢萨（Minnelusa）、明尼卡塔（Minnekahta）、森丹斯（Sundance）与因扬卡拉（Inyan Kara）。

水文预算涵盖多类关键组分：输入项包含降水补给与河道径流损耗，输出项则涵盖泉水出流与抽井取水量。本数据集包含研究区域边界、子区域边界、基于既往研究修改的麦迪逊与明尼卢萨含水层等势线、用于估算河道径流补给的流域范围、用于测算降水补给与泉水出流的基岩含水层露头区域，以及源自气象站观测数据的1931年至2022年降水栅格数据等地理空间数据（ESRI栅格数据（ESRI grids）与形状文件（shapefiles））。

此外，本数据集还包含以逗号分隔值（comma separated value, CSV）或微软Excel（.xlsx）格式存储的降水补给量、河道径流补给量、泉水出流量与抽井取水量等核心数据表。