Labour Force Survey 2012, 3. quarter

Labour Force Survey 2012, 3. quarter As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level. As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment and educational level, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas. As of the 1st quarter of 2009 the new classification of economic activities: SN2007/ISIC rev 5 replaces SN2002/ISIC Rev 4. As of the 1st quarter of 2011 the new classification of occupants STYRK-08/ISCO-08 replaces STYRK/ISCO-88. From 2011 the new standard classification of occupations STYRK-08 replaces the previously used STYRK. From 1st quarter of 2011 professions are coded for both old and new occupational standards. On the basis of this double coding transition keys between old and new standards is calculated. The occupational figures for 2011, will because of this, not be comparable with previous years. -------------------------------------------- Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development. In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: "Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser", SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: "Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics. In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and "over employment" in the original questionnaire were abandoned. From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The "old" means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the "new" implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987. ------------------------------------------------------------- Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable "Labour-market status" was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. In addition, an escalation scheme to increase the sample size was started. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number. In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2012年第三季度劳动力调查
自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计总局（Statistics Norway, SSB）便持续开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。此类调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关方提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的统计信息，为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计资料。
1992年起，AKU的样本具备县级代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本则以县配对层级为代表性基准。2006年1月起，AKU迎来重大调整，以提升其与他国同类调查的可比性：包括对失业率与受教育程度的定义进行微调，调整并扩容问卷内容，同时变更年龄定义（以基准时点年龄替代年末年龄）。此外，调查纳入的年龄下限从16岁下调至15岁，上述调整导致相关领域的时间序列出现断点。
自2009年第一季度起，全新的行业分类标准SN2007/国际标准产业分类修订第5版（International Standard Industrial Classification Rev.5, ISIC Rev.5）取代了SN2002/ISIC Rev.4；自2011年第一季度起，全新的职业分类标准STYRK-08/国际职业分类标准修订第8版（International Standard Classification of Occupations Rev.8, ISCO-08）取代了STYRK/ISCO-88，2011年起STYRK-08正式取代此前使用的STYRK职业分类标准。2011年第一季度起，职业编码同时沿用新旧两套职业分类标准，基于此双重编码机制可测算新旧标准间的转换系数，但正因如此，2011年的职业统计数据无法与此前年份进行对比。

AKU最初的受访者调查方案为：一年内连续接受两个季度的访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行连续两个季度的访谈。1988年以前，每季度的受访样本量约为10000至11000人。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障参保索引档案的月度职业统计的分析补充，然而1971年1月1日疾病津贴纳入国民保险体系后，基于社会保障的月度职业统计便停止更新，AKU也逐渐演变为劳动力市场现状及其发展态势的核心信息来源。
1975年，挪威统计总局调整了调查研究的抽样框架，相关细节可参阅Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的《访谈研究办公室随机样本使用规范》（原标题*Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser*，SSB）第37条，以及Ib Thomsen撰写的《挪威统计总局抽样调查原则与方法》（原标题*Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse*，编号SØS 33）。与此同时，样本数据推算至全国总量的方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域统计数据。1975年的调整改变了群体访谈方式，其中一项直接后果便是打破了AKU的面板调查体系。
1976年的AKU调查启用了小幅修订后的问卷，同时恢复了最初的6季度轮换调查方案。新版问卷可更精准地识别家庭用工者与临时无薪劳动者，因此新增约30000至35000名就业人口；“无收入求职群体”的范畴也得以扩大，纳入了非自愿休假的人员。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题被移除。
自1987年第一季度起，样本数据推算至全国总量的方法进行了小幅调整，就业定义也做了微调。为确保数据可与此前调查结果对比，研究人员编制了1980年至1986年AKU数据的新版文件，因此1980年至1987年的AKU数据存在两个版本：分别采用新旧两套推算方法。“旧版本”数据可与1972年至1987年发布的原始统计数据对比，“新版本”则可与1987年之后发布的统计数据对标。

1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU的数据文件规范进行了调整：“劳动力市场状态”变量的编码方式发生变更；同时数据收集流程也进行了优化——从每季度固定一周访谈改为连续每周开展访谈。此外，项目启动了样本量扩容计划，这对样本权重产生了影响：自1988年第二季度起，权重改为每月重新计算。为使季度或年度数据与全国总量匹配，月度权重需分别除以3或12，以得到正确的总样本数。
1996年，AKU迎来重大修订，涉及问卷、数据文件规范以及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式也改为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, CATI）。全新的行业分类标准NOS C 182正式启用，该标准基于欧盟行业分类标准（NACE）修订第1版，于2002年与2007年两次更新。同时，基于ISCO-88的全新挪威职业分类标准（STYRK）自1996年起投入使用。由于新版职业分类未设置对应变量，原有的社会经济地位标识变量被移除。