This file contains the R code for recreating the models described in section 2 of the paper. from Behavioural variation and learning across the lifespan in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys

Natural selection has evidently mediated many species characteristics relevant to the evolution of learning, including longevity, length of the juvenile period, social organization, timing of cognitive and motor development, and age-related shifts in behavioural propensities such as activity level, flexibility in problem-solving and motivation to seek new information. Longitudinal studies of wild populations can document such changes in behavioural propensities, providing critical information about the contexts in which learning strategies develop, in environments similar to those in which learning strategies evolved. The Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project provides developmental data for the white-faced capuchin, <i>Cebus capucinus</i>, a species that has converged with humans regarding many life history and behavioural characteristics. In this dataset, focused primarily on learned aspects of foraging behaviour, younger capuchins are more active overall, more curious and opportunistic, and more prone to inventing new investigative and foraging-related behaviours. Younger individuals more often seek social information by watching other foragers (especially older foragers). Younger individuals are more creative, playful and inventive, and less neophobic, exhibiting a wider range of behaviours when engaged in extractive foraging. Whereas adults more often stick with old solutions, younger individuals often incorporate recently acquired experience (both social and asocial) when foraging.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals'.

自然选择显然塑造了诸多与学习演化相关的物种特征，包括寿命、幼年期时长、社会组织、认知与运动发育时序，以及行为倾向随年龄的变化——例如活动水平、问题解决灵活性与探索新信息的动机。对野生种群开展的纵向研究能够记录此类行为倾向的变化，为探究学习策略的发育场景提供关键信息，其研究环境与学习策略的自然演化环境高度吻合。洛马斯巴尔布达尔猴项目为白面卷尾猴（Cebus capucinus）提供了发育数据，该物种在诸多生活史与行为特征上与人类存在趋同演化。本数据集主要聚焦于觅食行为的习得维度，结果显示幼年卷尾猴整体活跃度更高、好奇心与机会主义更强，更易创制出新的探索与觅食相关行为。幼年个体更常通过观察其他觅食者（尤其是成年觅食者）来获取社会信息。幼年个体更具创造力、玩耍性与创新性，且恐新症（neophobia）程度更低，在进行挖掘式觅食时展现出更丰富的行为谱。与之相对，成年个体更倾向于沿用既有解决方案，而幼年个体在觅食时往往会整合新近获得的社会经验与非社会经验。本文属于专题栏目"生活史与学习：童年、抚育与衰老如何塑造人类及其他动物的认知与文化"的组成部分。