Industry-wide review of potential worker exposure to 1,3-butadiene during chemical manufacturing and processing as a reactant

Among the first 20 high-priority chemical substances selected by USEPA to undergo risk evaluation as part of the Toxic Substances Control Act, as amended by the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21^st Century Act of 2016 is 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD). Because much of the literature related to occupational exposure to 1,3-BD is associated with the use of the substance in synthetic rubber production and few data have been published for exposures to 1,3-BD manufacturing workers, existing industrial hygiene data collected at facilities where the substance is manufactured or processed as a reactant were compiled and analyzed. The dataset was comprised of personal air samples collected between 2010 and 2019 at facilities located throughout the United States and was compiled into a single database using a uniform data collection template. Data designated by the companies as full-shift were stratified by job group and one of three operational conditions of the workplace: routine, turnaround, and non-routine. Data designated by the companies as short-term and task-level were stratified by task description, sample duration, and operational condition. The final aggregated database contained a total of 5,676 full-shift personal samples. Mean concentrations of 1,3-BD for the job groups ranged from 0.012 ppm to 0.16 ppm. High-end estimates of 1,3-BD air concentrations for the job groups under routine operations ranged from 0.014 ppm to 0.23 ppm. The aggregated database also included 1,063 short-term and task-level personal samples. For short-term samples (< =15 min), mean concentrations ranged from 0.49 ppm to 3.9 ppm, with the highest concentrations observed for the cleaning and maintaining equipment tasks. For task samples with durations greater than 15 min, mean concentrations ranged from 0.49 to 3.6 ppm, with the highest concentrations observed for the unloading and loading task. In addition to the personal air sampling records, information on the use of PPE during various tasks was compiled and analyzed. This data set provides robust quantitative air concentration data and exposure control information for which occupational exposures to 1,3-BD in the Manufacturing and Processing as a Reactant condition of use can be assessed.

美国环境保护署（United States Environmental Protection Agency，USEPA）依据经2016年《弗兰克·R·劳滕伯格21世纪化学品安全法案》修订的《有毒物质控制法》，启动首批20种高优先级化学物质的风险评估工作，1,3-丁二烯（1,3-butadiene，1,3-BD）即为其中之一。由于现有关于1,3-丁二烯职业暴露的文献多与合成橡胶生产中的该物质使用场景相关，而针对1,3-丁二烯制造作业工人暴露场景的公开研究数据极为匮乏，研究团队对该物质制造或作为反应物使用的设施所采集的现有工业卫生数据进行了汇总与分析。本数据集涵盖2010年至2019年间在美国各地设施采集的个体空气样本，通过统一的数据收集模板整合为单一数据库。其中，企业标注为轮班全程的样本按照作业组别以及三类工作场所运行工况（常规、停工检修、非常规）进行分层；企业标注为短期及任务级别的样本则按任务描述、采样时长及运行工况进行分层。最终整合形成的数据库共包含5676份轮班全程个体空气样本。各作业组的1,3-丁二烯平均浓度区间为0.012 ppm至0.16 ppm。常规运行工况下，各作业组的1,3-丁二烯空气浓度高端估算值区间为0.014 ppm至0.23 ppm。该整合数据库还收录了1063份短期及任务级个体空气样本。其中，时长≤15分钟的短期样本平均浓度区间为0.49 ppm至3.9 ppm，清洁与设备维护任务对应的浓度最高。时长超过15分钟的任务样本平均浓度区间为0.49 ppm至3.6 ppm，装卸任务对应的浓度最高。除个体空气采样记录外，研究团队还汇总分析了各类任务场景下个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment，PPE）的使用情况。本数据集提供了可靠的定量空气浓度数据与暴露管控相关信息，可用于评估1,3-丁二烯作为反应物进行制造与使用场景下的职业暴露风险。