Respondents’ demographic characteristics.

ObjectivesAlthough the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health is well documented, the contributions of physical exercise (PE) and social-psychological stress (SPS) to this association remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to explore the mediating roles of PE and SPS in the relationship between SES and self-rated health (SRH).MethodsThis study included 1,507 participants (aged ≥ 16 years) from the Health Survey conducted in Hubei Province during the post-pandemic period of 2021. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating and interaction effects, with PE and SPS specified as mediators in the association between SES and SRH.ResultsThe average SES and SRH scores were 3.07 ± 1.12 and 2.93 ± 0.93, respectively. Significant pairwise correlations (p p ConclusionsThis study confirms that physical exercise and social-psychological stress play partial mediating roles in the association between SES and SRH. The findings suggest that limited physical exercise and higher levels of social-psychological stress may adversely affect health, particularly with low SES. Promoting healthy lifestyles and supportive social environments is therefore crucial for improving population health.研究目的 尽管社会经济地位（socioeconomic status, SES）与健康之间的关联已得到充分证实，但体育锻炼（physical exercise, PE）和社会心理压力（social-psychological stress, SPS）对这一关联的贡献仍未得到充分阐释。本研究旨在探究体育锻炼与社会心理压力在社会经济地位与自评健康（self-rated health, SRH）之间的关联中所起的中介作用。 研究方法 本研究纳入了2021年疫情后湖北省健康调查中的1507名年龄≥16岁的参与者。本研究采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling, SEM）检验中介效应与交互效应，将体育锻炼与社会心理压力设定为社会经济地位与自评健康之间关联的中介变量。 研究结果 参与者的社会经济地位与自评健康平均得分分别为3.07±1.12和2.93±0.93。显著的两两相关性（p p） 研究结论 本研究证实，体育锻炼与社会心理压力在社会经济地位与自评健康的关联中发挥部分中介作用。研究结果表明，体育锻炼不足与社会心理压力水平升高可能会对健康产生不利影响，在社会经济地位较低的群体中尤为显著。因此，倡导健康生活方式与构建支持性社会环境对提升全民健康水平至关重要。