Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Release Measures, 2000-2010 [Restricted]

The Pathways to Desistance study was a multi-site study that followed 1,354 serious juvenile offenders from adolescence to young adulthood in two locales between the years 2000 and 2010. Enrolled into the study were adjudicated youths from the juvenile and adult court systems in Maricopa County (Phoenix), Arizona (N=654) and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania (N=700).The Release data portion of the Pathways study contains information from 1,130 interviews ("release interviews") reflecting the youths' perceptions regarding various aspects of the residential experience and institutional environment (e.g., accounts of program operations and services provided, ratings regarding the participant's feelings of his or her safety in the facility). The release interview was conducted within 30 days prior to or after release from a facility and in a separate session apart from the time point interview. This was done to minimize the burden on the research participant and to ensure adequate attention to institutional ratings. The restricted time period within which to conduct the release interview reduced the likelihood that intervening events and experiences would skew the participant's recall of the stay. Study participants could contribute more than one release interview, depending upon the number of institutional placements he/she had over the seven-year follow-up period. The current release data reflects ratings from 686 unique individuals. It should be recognized that not every institutional stay for every youth produced a release interview. On the basis of the number of reported institutional stays in the sample, it is estimated that a release interview was obtained for approximately 54 percent of the total number of residential stays experienced by study participants. Release interviews were missed if the research interviewer was not aware of the institutional stay (e.g. it occurred between time point interviews) or if the interviewer only became aware of the institutional stay at a point that was too late to schedule a release interview within the required window surrounding the release date.The 686 individuals reflected in the release data represent 51 percent of the Pathway study participants (n=1,354) and 56 percent of Pathways participants who had a least one institutional stay (n=1,234; 120 Pathways youths had no institutional stays). On average, these 686 youths had 1.6 interviews. The number of interviews per unique person ranges from one to eight.

《戒除之路》（Pathways to Desistance）研究是一项多中心纵向研究，于2000年至2010年间，针对两个地区的1354名严重青少年犯罪者开展了从青春期至青年期的追踪调研。本研究的入组对象为来自亚利桑那州马里科帕县（凤凰城）与宾夕法尼亚州费城县少年及成人法院系统的经定罪青少年，其中马里科帕县样本量（N=654）、费城县样本量（N=700）。本研究的释放数据部分包含1130份"释放访谈"的相关信息，这些访谈内容反映了青少年对羁押经历与监管场所环境多维度的认知，例如项目运作与提供服务的情况自述、参与者对其在羁押场所内安全感的评分等。释放访谈需在羁押场所释放前后30天内完成，且需与定点访谈分开进行。此举旨在减轻研究参与者的调研负担，同时确保参与者能够充分针对监管环境相关评分提供真实反馈。严格限定的访谈实施窗口期，能够降低后续事件与经历对参与者回忆羁押期间情况的干扰偏差。研究参与者可参与多次释放访谈，次数取决于其在七年追踪期内的羁押安置次数。当前公开的释放数据共涵盖686名独立个体的评分记录。需要说明的是，并非每名青少年的每一次羁押都会对应一次释放访谈。基于样本中记录的羁押次数估算，研究参与者的全部羁押次数中，约54%对应了有效的释放访谈。若研究访谈人员未获知某次羁押事件（例如该羁押发生在两次定点访谈之间），或是仅在超出释放日期前后30天的窗口期后才获悉该羁押事件，则无法获取对应的释放访谈数据。本次释放数据涵盖的686名个体，占《戒除之路》研究总样本量（N=1354）的51%，占至少经历过一次羁押的研究参与者（N=1234；另有120名青少年未经历过任何羁押）的56%。这686名青少年平均参与了1.6次释放访谈，每名独立个体的访谈次数区间为1至8次。