Depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope of people with HIV

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze conditions of depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope in people with HIV/AIDS. Method: Cross-sectional survey of 108 individuals living with HIV/AIDS, carried out in a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in Northeast Brazil. The following instruments were employed: sociodemographic data, and questionnaires for ascertaining participants’ emotions, including scales for self-concept, hope, depression (HAMD-D), and future expectations. Descriptive statistics using the following tests were performed: Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square, and t-test—considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. Results: 31.5% presented mild depression and 21.3% presented moderate depression; 63% reported difficulty in obtaining decent employment; 52.8% considered life a failure; 52.8% felt worthless. Fear, guilt and loneliness influenced self-concept (p ≤ 0.05). Loneliness influenced hope (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to raise the attention of nursing professionals and healthcare managers to the importance of providing health services that consider the mental health of people with HIV/AIDS, contributing to treatment adherence and well-being.

摘要 目的：分析艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病患者的抑郁状态、自我概念、未来期待及希望水平。方法：本研究针对巴西东北部某传染病诊疗定点医院的108名HIV感染者/艾滋病患者开展横断面调查。本次研究采用的评估工具包括：社会人口学资料问卷，以及用于评估受试者情绪的相关问卷与量表，涵盖自我概念、希望水平、抑郁评定量表（HAMD-D）及未来期待相关内容。统计分析采用描述性统计方法，并运用曼-惠特尼（Mann–Whitney）检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯（Kruskal-Wallis）检验、卡方检验及t检验，以p≤0.05作为差异具有统计学意义的判定标准。结果：31.5%的受试者存在轻度抑郁，21.3%存在中度抑郁；63%的受试者报告难以获得体面工作；52.8%的受试者认为人生失败，52.8%的受试者感到自身无价值。恐惧、内疚与孤独感对自我概念存在显著影响（p≤0.05）；孤独感对希望水平存在显著影响（p≤0.05）。结论：本研究提示，护理专业人员与医疗管理者应提高重视程度，关注HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的心理健康需求，提供兼顾其精神健康的医疗服务，以助力提升治疗依从性与患者福祉。