HUS96 - Spell variables 1993-1996: Additional jobs

The Household Market and Nonmarket Activities (HUS) project started as a joint research project between the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research (IUI) and Göteborg University in 1980. The ambition was to build a consistent longitudinal micro data base on the use of time, money and public services of households.
The first main survey was carried out in 1984. In addition to a contact interview with the selected individuals, all designated individuals participated in a personal interview and two telephone interviews. All respondents were asked about their family background, education, marital status, labor market experience, and employment. In addition, questions about the household were asked of the head of household, concerning family composition, child care, health status, housing, possession of vacation homes, cars, boats and other consumption durables. At the end of the personal interview the household head had to fill out a questionnaire including questions about financing of current home, construction costs for building a house, house value and loans, imputation of property values and loans, additions/renovations 1983, maintenance and repairs, leasing, sale of previous home, assets and liabilities, and non-taxable benefits. All the respondents had to fill out a questionnaire including questions about tax-return information 1983, employment income, and taxes and support payments. Two telephone interviews were used primarily to collect data on the household´s time use and consumption expenditures.
The 1986 HUS-survey included both a follow-up of the 1984 sample (panel study) and a supplementary sample. The 1986 sample included
1) all respondents participating in the 1984 survey, 2) the household heads, partners and third persons who should have participated in 1984 but did not (1984 nonresponse), 3) those individuals who started living together after the 1984 interview with an selected individual who participated or was supposed to participate in 1984, 4) members of the 1984 household born in 1966 or 1967.
If entering a new household, for example because of leaving their parental home, the household head and his/her partner were also interviewed. Respondents participating in the 1984 survey were interviewed by telephone in 1986.
Questions dealt with changes in family composition, housing, employment, wages and child care, and it was not only recorded whether a change had occurred, and what sort of change, but also when it occurred. The respondents also received a questionnaire by mail with questions mainly concerning income and assets.
Respondents not participating in the earlier survey were interviewed in person and were asked approximately the same questions as in the 1984 personal interview.
The 1988 HUS-survey was considerably smaller than the previous ones. It was addressed exclusively to participants in the 1986 survey, and consisted of a self-enumerated questionnaire with a nonrespondent follow-up by telephone. The questions dealt with changes in housing conditions, employment and household composition. The questionnaire also contained some questions on household income.
In many respect the 1991 HUS-survey replicated the 1988 survey. The questions were basically the same in content and range, and the survey was conducted as a self-enamurated questionnaire sent out by mail. This time, however, in contrast to the 1988 survey, an attempt was made to include in the survey the new household members who had moved into sample households since 1986, as well as young people who turned 18 after the 1986 survey. Earlier respondents received a questionnaire by mail containing questions about their home, their primary occupation and weekly work hours since May 1988 (event-history data), earnings in 1989, 1990 and 1991, household composition and any changes in it that might have occurred since 1988, child care and some questions on income. New respondents were also asked about their education and labor-market experience.
With respect to its design and question wording, the 1993 survey is a new version of the 1986 survey. The survey is made up of four parts:
1) the panel survey, which was addressed mainly to respondents in the 1991 survey, with certain additions; 2) the so-called supplementary survey, which focused on a new random sample of individuals; 3) the so-called nonresponse survey, which encompassed respondents who had participated in at least one of the earlier surveys but had since dropped out; 4) the time-use survey, which included the same sample of respondents as those in the panel and supplementary surveys.
Individuals in the nonresponse group were not included in the time-use survey. Most of the questions in the first three surveys were the same, but certain questions sequences were targeted to the respondents in a specific survey. Thus certain retrospective questions were asked of the nonresponse group, while specific questions on social background, labor market experience etc. were addressed to new respondents. In the case of respondents who had already participated in the panel, a combined contact and main interview was conducted by telephone, after which a self-enumerated questionnaire was sent out to each respondent by mail. The panel sample also included young people in panel households who were born in 1973 or 1974 as well as certain new household members who had not previously been interviewed. These individuals, like new respondents, were not interviewed by telephone until they had been interviewed personally. Thus technically they were treated in the same manner as individuals in the supplementary sample. The new supplementary sample was first contacted by telephone and then given a fairly lengthy personal interview, at the conclusion of which each respondent was asked to fill out a written questionnaire. In this respect the survey design for the nonresponse sample was the same as for the supplementary sample. The nonresponse sample also included young people born in 1973 or 1974 as well as certain new household members. The time-use interviews were conducted by telephone. For each respondent two days were chosen at random from the period from February 15, 1993 to February 14, 1994 and the respondents were interviewed about their time use during those two days. If possible, the time-use interviews were preceded by the other parts of the survey, but this was not always feasible. In each household the household head and spouse/partner were interviewed, as well as an additional person in certain households. Questions regarding the household as a whole were asked of only one person in the household, preferably the household head. As in earlier surveys, data from the interviews was subsequently supplemented by registry data, but only for those respondents who had given their express consent. There is registry information for 75-80 percent of the sample. The telephone interview is divided into following sections: administrative data; labor market experience; employment; job-seekers; not in labor force; education; family composition; child care; health status; other household members; housing conditions; vacation homes; and cars and boats. The questionnaire was divided into twelve sections: sale of previous home; acquisition of current home; construction costs for building a home; house value and loans; repairs; insurance; home-related expenses; sale of previous home; assets; household income; taxes; and respondent income 1992.
The 1996 telephone interview is divided into following sections: administrative data; labor market experience; employment; job-seekers; not in labor force; education; family composition; child care; health status; other household members; housing conditions; vacation homes; cars and boats; and environment. The questionnaire was divided into twelve sections: sale of previous home; acquisition of current home; construction costs for building a home; house value and loans; repairs; insurance; home-related expenses; sale of previous home; assets; household income; taxes; and respondent income 1995.
The 1998 telephone interview is divided into following sections: administrative data; labor market experience; employment; job-seekers; not in labor force; education; family composition; child care; health status; other household members; housing conditions; vacation homes; cars and boats; and municipal service. The questionnaire was divided into nine sections: sale of previous home; house value and loans; insurance; home-related expenses; assets; household income; inheritances and gifts; black-market work; and respondent income 1997.

家庭市场与非市场活动（Household Market and Nonmarket Activities，简称HUS）项目于1980年由工业经济与社会研究所（Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research，IUI）与哥德堡大学（Göteborg University）联合发起，旨在构建一套涵盖家庭时间、金钱与公共服务使用情况的统一纵向微观数据库（longitudinal micro database）。
首次核心调查于1984年开展。除与选定个体进行联络访谈外，所有指定个体均需参与1次面对面访谈与2次电话访谈。所有受访者需回答关于其家庭背景、教育程度、婚姻状况、劳动力市场经历与就业情况的问题。此外，调查还向户主询问家庭相关问题，涵盖家庭构成、儿童照料、健康状况、住房状况、度假房产、汽车、船舶及其他耐用消费品持有情况。在面对面访谈结束时，户主需填写一份问卷，内容包括当前住房融资、建房成本、房产价值与贷款、财产价值与贷款估算、1983年的增建/翻新、维护与修缮、租赁、原有住房出售情况、资产与负债，以及非应税福利等问题。所有受访者均需填写一份问卷，内容包括1983年的纳税申报信息、劳动收入，以及税款与供养支付相关问题。两次电话访谈主要用于收集家庭时间使用与消费支出数据。
1986年的HUS调查既包含对1984年样本的追踪研究（panel study），也纳入了补充样本。1986年的样本包括：1）所有参与1984年调查的受访者；2）1984年本应参与却未参与的户主、配偶及第三方人员（1984年无应答（nonresponse）者）；3）1984年访谈后与已参与或本应参与1984年调查的个体共同居住的人员；4）1984年家庭中出生于1966年或1967年的成员。若因离开原生家庭等原因组建新家庭，则户主及其配偶也需接受访谈。参与1984年调查的受访者于1986年通过电话接受访谈。调查问题涉及家庭构成、住房、就业、薪资与儿童照料的变化，不仅记录是否发生变化、变化类型，还记录变化发生的时间。受访者还会通过邮件收到一份问卷，主要用于收集收入与资产相关信息。未参与前期调查的受访者需接受面对面访谈，问题与1984年的面对面访谈大致相同。
1988年的HUS调查规模较前两次大幅缩小，仅针对1986年调查的参与者，采用自填式问卷，并通过电话跟进无应答者。调查问题涉及住房状况、就业与家庭构成的变化，问卷还包含部分家庭收入相关问题。
1991年的HUS调查在诸多方面复刻了1988年的调查，问题的内容与范围基本一致，同样采用邮件发送的自填式问卷。但与1988年调查不同的是，此次调查尝试纳入1986年以来迁入样本家庭的新家庭成员，以及1986年调查后年满18岁的年轻人。前期受访者会收到邮件问卷，内容包括自1988年5月以来的住房情况、主要职业与周工作时长（事件史数据（event-history data））、1989、1990与1991年的收入、家庭构成及1988年以来的相关变化、儿童照料，以及部分收入相关问题。新受访者则需回答关于教育程度与劳动力市场经历的问题。
就设计与问题措辞而言，1993年的调查是1986年调查的新版本。该调查分为四个部分：1）追踪调查，主要面向1991年调查的受访者，并新增部分对象；2）所谓的补充调查，聚焦于新的随机个体样本；3）所谓的无应答调查，涵盖至少参与过一次前期调查但此后退出的受访者；4）时间使用调查，其样本与追踪调查及补充调查的受访者样本一致。无应答组的个体不纳入时间使用调查。前三个部分的多数问题相同，但部分问题序列仅针对特定调查的受访者。例如，无应答组会被问及部分回溯性问题，而新受访者则会收到关于社会背景、劳动力市场经历等特定问题。对于已参与追踪调查的受访者，先通过电话进行联络与主访谈，随后通过邮件向每位受访者寄送自填式问卷。追踪样本还包括追踪家庭中出生于1973年或1974年的年轻人，以及此前未接受过访谈的新家庭成员。这些个体与新受访者一样，需先接受面对面访谈，之后才可通过电话接受访谈，因此在技术处理上与补充样本的个体一致。新的补充样本首先通过电话联络，随后接受时长较长的面对面访谈，访谈结束后要求每位受访者填写书面问卷。无应答样本的调查设计与补充样本相同，其样本也包括出生于1973年或1974年的年轻人及部分新家庭成员。时间使用访谈通过电话开展。为每位受访者随机选取1993年2月15日至1994年2月14日期间的两天，询问其在这两天的时间使用情况。若可行，时间使用访谈会安排在调查的其他部分之后，但并非总能实现。在每个家庭中，需访谈户主与配偶/伴侣，部分家庭还需访谈额外成员。仅由家庭中的一名成员（优先为户主）回答关于整个家庭的问题。与前期调查一致，访谈获得的数据后续会补充登记数据（registry data），但仅针对明确同意的受访者。样本中有75%-80%的个体拥有登记信息。电话访谈分为以下模块：行政数据、劳动力市场经历、就业、求职人员、非劳动力群体、教育程度、家庭构成、儿童照料、健康状况、其他家庭成员、住房状况、度假房产，以及汽车与船舶。问卷分为十二个模块：原有住房出售、当前住房购置、建房成本、房产价值与贷款、修缮、保险、住房相关开支、原有住房出售、资产、家庭收入、税款，以及1992年受访者收入。
1996年的电话访谈分为以下模块：行政数据、劳动力市场经历、就业、求职人员、非劳动力群体、教育程度、家庭构成、儿童照料、健康状况、其他家庭成员、住房状况、度假房产、汽车与船舶，以及环境。问卷分为十二个模块：原有住房出售、当前住房购置、建房成本、房产价值与贷款、修缮、保险、住房相关开支、原有住房出售、资产、家庭收入、税款，以及1995年受访者收入。
1998年的电话访谈分为以下模块：行政数据、劳动力市场经历、就业、求职人员、非劳动力群体、教育程度、家庭构成、儿童照料、健康状况、其他家庭成员、住房状况、度假房产、汽车与船舶，以及市政服务。问卷分为九个模块：原有住房出售、房产价值与贷款、保险、住房相关开支、资产、家庭收入、遗产与赠与、黑市工作，以及1997年受访者收入。