THE ROLE OF VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL DISEASES

Vitamins play an essential role in maintaining oral health and normal functioning of teeth and periodontal tissues. Deficiency of vitamins may lead to structural and functional changes in the oral cavity, increasing the risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, mucosal lesions, and impaired wound healing. Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and K are particularly important for tooth development, enamel formation, immune response, and bone metabolism. The aim of this article is to review the role of vitamin deficiency in the development of dental diseases and to describe the underlying mechanisms involved in oral pathology.维生素对于维持口腔健康及牙齿、牙周组织的正常生理功能具有不可或缺的作用。维生素缺乏可引发口腔结构与功能异常，进而提升龋病、牙周疾病、黏膜病变及伤口愈合障碍的发病风险。其中维生素A、复合维生素B、维生素C、维生素D与维生素K，对牙齿发育、牙釉质形成、免疫应答及骨代谢均具有关键意义。本文旨在综述维生素缺乏在牙科疾病发生发展中的作用，并阐明其参与口腔病理过程的潜在机制。