Traditional ecological knowledge of fish fauna in quilombolas on the Alto Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Southern Amazonia, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related to fishing among the ethnic group self-identified as quilombola people, and it included analysis of factors influencing the cultural consensus and techniques used in artisanal fishing. Twenty-four men and seven women from the Retiro, Boqueirão, Casalvasco and Manga quilombo communities participated. Sampling methods included snowball, free listing, and participant observation. The results include a list of 47 ethnospecies (46 fish and one reptile). The cultural consensus is composed of: Hoplias malabaricus, Cichla sp., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Astronotus ocellatus, Satanoperca pappaterra, Brycon cephalus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, P. corruscans, Pimelodus sp., Colossoma macropomum, Pygocentrus nattereri, Mylossoma aureum, Astyanax sp., and Leporinus freiderici. While the wealth of knowledge tended to be greater among people who resided temporarily in other Brazilian states, this was not related to the age of the interviewees. The maintenance and transmission of TEK stems from daily contact with fish and the river, from childhood on, as well as observation of group fishing practices. TEK is part of their identity and represents a valuable cultural heritage. Participation by these social actors in decision-making and management plans for protected areas is necessary.摘要 本研究旨在探究自称为昆博拉（quilombola）族群的传统生态知识（traditional ecological knowledge，TEK），并分析影响其手工渔业文化共识与捕捞技术的相关因素。研究招募了来自雷蒂罗（Retiro）、博凯朗（Boqueirão）、卡萨瓦斯科（Casalvasco）与曼加（Manga）昆博拉社区的24名男性与7名女性作为研究对象。采样方法包括滚雪球抽样、自由列举法与参与式观察法。研究结果共识别出47个民族物种（ethnospecies），其中46种为鱼类，1种为爬行动物。其文化共识涵盖的物种包括：Hoplias malabaricus、Cichla sp.、Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum、Astronotus ocellatus、Satanoperca pappaterra、Brycon cephalus、Piaractus mesopotamicus、P. corruscans、Pimelodus sp.、Colossoma macropomum、Pygocentrus nattereri、Mylossoma aureum、Astyanax sp. 以及 Leporinus freiderici。研究发现，尽管曾在巴西其他州临时居留的人群其知识储备往往更为丰厚，但该知识丰富程度与受访者的年龄并无关联。该传统生态知识的传承与维护，源于自幼便与鱼类及河流的日常接触，以及对群体捕捞实践的观察。传统生态知识是其族群身份的重要组成部分，亦是极具价值的文化遗产。因此，需推动这些社会主体参与保护区的决策制定与管理规划工作。