Oral supplementation of probiotics on the performance and gut histo-morphology of suckling piglets

ABSTRACT: The effects of the oral supplementation of probiotics on the performance and intestinal histo-morphology of the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosa, comparing with two different genetic lines (purebred Large White or crossbred Large White x Landrace) of suckling piglets were evaluated between 2 and 19 days of age. In total, 276 piglets were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four replicates each. Treatments consisted of two genetic lines (130 purebred Large White and 146 crossbred Large White x Landrace piglets), two different probiotic products (probiotic bacteria or a combination of yeast and probiotic bacteria), and a control (basal diet with no addition). Probiotics increased the average daily weight gain (P=0.02), independently of genetic line, but did not influence (P>0.10) average daily feed intake. Crossbred piglets presented higher average daily feed intake (P=0.03) than purebreds. The incidence of diarrhea was not significantly different (P>0.10) among the treatments. Intestinal histo-morphometric parameters were not influenced by genetic lines (P>0.10). However, the piglets fed with the probiotic products exhibited higher duodenal villi compared with the control (P=0.01). In conclusion, piglets that received oral probiotics improved intestinal health and average daily weight gain, independent of the genetic lines. Higher duodenal villus were measured in P2 and P3 (450.37 μm and 435.62 μm, respectively) compared with the control group P1 (309.25 μm; P=0.01). Higher average daily weight gain was obtained in P2 and P3 (259.55 g and 250.50 g, respectively) compared with P1 (221.9 g; P=0.02).摘要：本研究旨在评估2至19日龄哺乳仔猪口服补充益生菌对其生产性能及十二指肠（duodenal）、空肠（jejunal）、回肠（ileal）黏膜肠道组织形态学（intestinal histo-morphology）的影响，并比较两种不同遗传品系——纯种大白猪（Large White）与大白×长白（Landrace）杂交猪——的差异。试验共选用276头仔猪，采用2×3因子设计的完全随机试验方案，每组设置4个重复组。试验处理包括2种遗传品系（130头纯种大白猪仔猪、146头大白×长白杂交猪仔猪）、2种不同益生菌产品（单一益生菌菌剂，以及酵母与益生菌菌剂的复配制剂），以及1个对照组（饲喂无添加的基础日粮）。结果显示：无论仔猪遗传品系如何，益生菌均可显著提高平均日增重（average daily weight gain，P=0.02），但对平均日采食量（average daily feed intake）无显著影响（P>0.10）；杂交仔猪的平均日采食量显著高于纯种仔猪（P=0.03）。各试验组间腹泻发生率无显著差异（P>0.10）。肠道组织形态学参数不受遗传品系影响（P>0.10），但饲喂益生菌制剂的仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组（P=0.01）。综上，口服益生菌可改善仔猪肠道健康并提升平均日增重，且该效果不受遗传品系影响。其中P2、P3组仔猪的十二指肠绒毛高度分别为450.37 μm、435.62 μm，显著高于对照组P1（309.25 μm；P=0.01）；P2、P3组的平均日增重分别为259.55 g、250.50 g，显著高于P1组（221.9 g；P=0.02）。