Scale scores of all participants.

Introduction Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) helps counteract the negative consequences of stress. An essential aspect of mind-body therapies is learning to be mindful of emotional reactions and bodily sensations, a process defined as interoceptive awareness. This awareness can also be enhanced by providing physiological feedback from a smartwatch. However, the impact of using smartwatch-generated physiological signals during mindfulness training has not been studied yet. The study aims at verifying, whether physiological signals from a smartwatch would support the MBSR. Methods We conducted a mixed-design randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of MBSR training, with and without monitoring physiological signals via a smartwatch, on mental functioning parameters, with measurements taken at baseline and after 8 weeks. Participants were classified into three groups (N = 72): the MBSR group, the MBSR + smartwatch group, and the control group. Between measurement sessions, two groups of participants were engaged in MBSR training, while the third group did not participate in any training. Results Results showed a significant reduction in subjectively perceived stress levels, eating disorder symptoms, and intrusive ruminations in both groups participating in MBSR, compared to the control group. However, a notable difference emerged between the two MBSR groups: in the group with smartwatches, a significant increase in mindfulness was observed. In contrast, in the MBSR group without smartwatches, there was a significant decrease across multiple stress-related components, including: anxiety, cognitive impairment, addictions, sleep disorders symptoms, behaviors indicating lack of entertainment, and poor functioning. Conclusions The results suggest that supplementing MBSR with monitoring interoceptive signals by a smartwatch enhances mindfulness, and maintains the effect of stress and eating disorders symptoms reduction but does not decrease anxiety nor improve general mental functioning. This imposes the need for further research to investigate mechanisms involved when observing interoceptive signals by a smartwatch.引言 基于正念的压力缓解疗法（Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, MBSR）可抵消压力带来的负面影响。身心疗法的核心环节之一，是学会觉察情绪反应与躯体感受，这一过程被定义为内感受觉知（interoceptive awareness）。借助智能手表提供生理反馈，同样可强化此类觉知。但目前尚无研究探讨正念训练期间，使用智能手表生成的生理信号所产生的影响。本研究旨在验证：智能手表采集的生理信号能否辅助基于正念的压力缓解疗法。 研究方法 我们采用混合设计随机对照试验，探究在有无智能手表监测生理信号的两种情境下，正念压力缓解训练对心理功能参数的影响，分别在基线期与8周后开展测量。受试者共计72名，被随机分为三组：正念压力缓解组、正念压力缓解+智能手表组，以及对照组。在两次测量的间隔期内，前两组受试者接受正念压力缓解训练，第三组则不参与任何训练。 研究结果 与对照组相比，参与正念压力缓解训练的两组受试者，其主观感知压力水平、进食障碍症状与侵入性反刍思维均显著降低。但两组正念训练组间存在显著差异：佩戴智能手表的组别，正念水平出现显著提升；而未佩戴智能手表的正念压力缓解组，则在多项与压力相关的指标上出现显著下降，涵盖焦虑、认知功能受损、成瘾行为、睡眠障碍症状、缺乏娱乐活动的行为表现，以及整体心理功能不佳等维度。 研究结论 结果表明，通过智能手表监测内感受信号以辅助正念压力缓解疗法，可提升受试者的正念水平，并维持缓解压力与进食障碍症状的效果，但无法降低焦虑水平，也未改善整体心理功能。这一发现提示，亟需开展进一步研究，以探究智能手表呈现内感受信号时所涉及的作用机制。