Data from: Genetic and life-history consequences of extreme climate events

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of
extreme climate events. Tests on empirical data of theory-based
predictions on the consequences of extreme climate events are thus
necessary to understand the adaptive potential of species and the
overarching risks associated with all aspects of climate change. We tested
predictions on the genetic and life-history consequences of extreme
climate events in two populations of marble trout Salmo marmoratus that
have experienced severe demographic bottlenecks due to flash floods. We
combined long-term field and genotyping data with pedigree reconstruction
in a theory-based framework. Our results show that after flash floods,
reproduction occurred at a younger age in one population. In both
populations, we found the highest reproductive variance in the first
cohort born after the floods due to a combination of fewer parents and
higher early survival of offspring. A small number of parents allowed for
demographic recovery after the floods, but the genetic bottleneck further
reduced genetic diversity in both populations. Our results also elucidate
some of the mechanisms responsible for a greater prevalence of faster life
histories after the extreme event.

据预测，气候变化将提高极端气候事件的发生频率与强度。因此，针对极端气候事件后果的理论预测开展实证数据检验，是理解物种适应潜力以及气候变化各维度相关全局性风险的必要前提。本研究以两个曾因山洪暴发遭遇严重种群瓶颈的大理石鳟（Salmo marmoratus）种群为研究对象，检验极端气候事件的遗传与生活史后果相关预测。我们将长期野外监测数据、基因分型数据与基于理论框架的谱系重建方法相结合。研究结果显示，山洪暴发后其中一个种群的繁殖年龄提前。在两个种群中，洪水后诞生的第一同龄群均呈现出最高的繁殖方差，这是亲本数量偏少与后代早期存活率偏高共同作用的结果。少量亲本助力种群在洪水后实现数量恢复，但遗传瓶颈进一步降低了两个种群的遗传多样性。本研究结果还阐明了极端事件后更快生活史策略更为普遍的部分作用机制。