ATTITUDES TOWARDS NATURE IN WORLD RELIGIONS

This article analyzes the role of Sufism in shaping an enlightened, socially responsible, and spiritually balanced understanding of Islam, with particular focus on the intellectual and cultural heritage of Mawarannahr. It explores the historical development, institutionalization, and doctrinal foundations of the Kubrawiya, Yasawiya, and Naqshbandiya orders, highlighting their enduring contribution to Islamic intellectual history and civilizational growth. The study conceptualizes Sufism as a comprehensive synthesis of faith, Sharia, philosophy, and ethics, centered on the spiritual purification of the individual through divine love and disciplined self-transformation. Special emphasis is placed on the Naqshbandiya principle of active engagement in society, reflected in the celebrated Mawarannahr maxims “Dil ba yar, dast ba kar” (Heart with the Beloved, hands at work) and “Mindfulness in action,” which embody the integration of inner spirituality with social responsibility. Drawing upon classical Arabic, Persian, and Turkic Sufi sources, the article emphasizes the inseparable unity of theory and practice in Sufism. It argues that central Sufi concepts such as al-Insan al-Kamil (the Perfect Human Being) contribute to the cultivation of ethical consciousness, civic responsibility, patriotism, and social harmony. The study concludes that Sufism remains a vital intellectual and moral resource for sustaining equilibrium between religious and secular values and for fostering the long-term spiritual development of society.本文剖析了苏菲主义（Sufism）在塑造开明、兼具社会责任感与精神平衡的伊斯兰认知中所发挥的作用，尤其聚焦于马瓦兰纳尔（Mawarannahr）的学术文化遗产。文章梳理了库布拉维耶（Kubrawiya）、亚萨维耶（Yasawiya）与纳克什班迪耶（Naqshbandiya）三大教团的历史演进、制度化进程与教义基础，并阐明了它们对伊斯兰学术史与文明发展的持久贡献。 本研究将苏菲主义界定为信仰、沙里亚法（Sharia）、哲学与伦理学的综合体系，其核心在于以神圣之爱与规训性的自我转化实现个体的精神净化。研究特别强调纳克什班迪耶教团积极投身社会的理念，这一理念体现在广为流传的马瓦兰纳尔箴言"Dil ba yar, dast ba kar"（心伴至爱，手行劳作）与"践行正念"之中，二者彰显了内在灵性与社会责任的有机统一。 本文依托古典阿拉伯语、波斯语与突厥语苏菲主义文献展开研究，着重强调苏菲主义中理论与实践不可分割的统一关系。研究指出，苏菲主义核心概念如完人（al-Insan al-Kamil），有助于培育个体的伦理意识、公民责任感、爱国精神与社会和谐。研究最终得出结论：苏菲主义仍是维系宗教与世俗价值平衡、推动社会长期精神发展的重要学术与道德资源。