Zebrafish in Acute Kidney Disease

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) serves as a powerful tool to understand Acute Kidney Disease (AKI). Zebrafish models have been used to mimic clinical manifestations of renal failure, but they lack in specific structures for understanding the overall development. In this review, we tried to understand the development of the renal system, the genes related to the progression of AKI and its recovery in zebrafish. HNF-1 also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor is a gene which can alter the renal disease by managing several genes responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. ATF3 or Activating Transcription Factor is also considered a potential therapeutic target. Zebrafish have a pair of ambiguous genes namely, wt1a and wt1b, which take part in regeneration of nephrons. Various drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, anti-hypertensive drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and aminoglycoside antibiotics have been discussed upon as models for AKI in zebrafish. Various biomarkers such as Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and other related biomarkers of kidney damage have been briefly mentioned. Zebrafish is a potential experimental model which can be extensively used to study human inherited diseases due to its fecundity, rapid development, optical transparency, and accessibility to genetic manipulation tools.

斑马鱼（Danio rerio）作为一种强有力的工具，有助于我们深入理解急性肾病（AKI）。斑马鱼模型能够模拟肾衰竭的临床表现，然而，它们在理解整体发展方面缺乏特定的结构。在本综述中，我们旨在探讨斑马鱼肾脏系统的发育过程，以及与AKI进展和恢复相关的基因。HNF-1，亦称为肝细胞核因子，是一种能够通过调节疾病发病机制中负责基因的表达来改变肾病的基因。ATF3，或称活化转录因子，也被视为一种潜在的疗法靶点。斑马鱼拥有一对模糊基因，即wt1a和wt1b，它们参与肾小管的再生。多种药物，如非甾体抗炎药、抗高血压药（如血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂ACE）和氨基糖苷类抗生素，均被讨论为斑马鱼AKI模型的药物。此外，还简要提到了各种生物标志物，如中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）以及其他与肾脏损伤相关的生物标志物。斑马鱼作为一种潜在的实验模型，因其繁殖力强、发育迅速、光学透明以及易于进行遗传操作，可广泛用于研究人类遗传性疾病。