Archeological Excavations at the Manitou Fish Camp, Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, 1983

This report documents archeological investigations at the Manitou Fish Camp near the southwest tip of Manitou Island, within Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. This historic EuroAmerican fishing camp was constructed in stages beginning about 1895. Most of the structures date to the early decades of the twentieth century. The camp has had essentially continuous use throughout its history, both as a fishing camp and as a weekend retreat. The historic importance of the camp is underscored by its listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The rapidly deteriorating condition of the camp led to the need for extensive structural renovation beginning in 1983. Since restoration activities would impact soil deposits around and under several of the structures, archeological excavations were initiated to collect data which might otherwise be lost. Although a large number of artifacts was collected through these excavations, archeological research has not added extensively to the previously available historic record for the camp. However, the archeological research has provided some data for evaluating the accuracy of the historic record with regard to the age and function of several of the camp structures. The evaluation of that data forms the core of this report.

本报告记录了使徒群岛国家湖岸（Apostle Islands National Lakeshore）境内马尼图岛（Manitou Island）西南端附近的马尼图渔营（Manitou Fish Camp）考古调查工作。这座由欧美裔建造的历史渔营于1895年左右开始分期营建，营地内绝大多数建筑的修建年代可追溯至20世纪早期数十年间。该营地在存续期间基本保持持续使用状态，兼具渔营与周末休闲度假地双重功能。该营地入选美国国家史迹名录（National Register of Historic Places），进一步凸显了其历史价值。营地建筑迅速恶化的现状，促使相关方于1983年起启动大规模结构修缮工程。由于修缮作业会对部分建筑周边及下方的土壤沉积层造成扰动，考古发掘工作随即开展，以抢救可能因施工而遗失的考古数据。尽管此次发掘出土了大量人工遗物，但考古研究并未大幅扩充该营地此前已有的历史记录。不过，本次考古研究仍提供了部分数据，可用于评估该营地部分建筑的年代与功能相关历史记录的准确性。对上述数据的分析评估，正是本报告的核心内容。